class Akismet_REST_API {
	/**
	 * Register the REST API routes.
	 */
	public static function init() {
		if ( ! function_exists( 'register_rest_route' ) ) {
			// The REST API wasn't integrated into core until 4.4, and we support 4.0+ (for now).
			return false;
		}

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/key', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_key' ),
			), array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_key' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => true,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			), array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_key' ),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/settings/', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_settings' ),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_boolean_settings' ),
				'args' => array(
					'akismet_strictness' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'boolean',
						'description' => __( 'If true, Akismet will automatically discard the worst spam automatically rather than putting it in the spam folder.', 'akismet' ),
					),
					'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'boolean',
						'description' => __( 'If true, show the number of approved comments beside each comment author in the comments list page.', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats', array(
			'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
			'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
			'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ),
			'args' => array(
				'interval' => array(
					'required' => false,
					'type' => 'string',
					'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_interval' ),
					'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ),
					'default' => 'all',
				),
			),
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats/(?P<interval>[\w+])', array(
			'args' => array(
				'interval' => array(
					'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ),
					'type' => 'string',
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/alert', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route(
			'akismet/v1',
			'/webhook',
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'receive_webhook' ),
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current Akismet API key.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_key( $request = null ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( Akismet::get_api_key() );
	}

	/**
	 * Set the API key, if possible.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_key( $request ) {
		if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be changed via the API.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) );
		}

		$new_api_key = $request->get_param( 'key' );

		if ( ! self::key_is_valid( $new_api_key ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'The value provided is not a valid and registered API key.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) );
		}

		update_option( 'wordpress_api_key', $new_api_key );

		return self::get_key();
	}

	/**
	 * Unset the API key, if possible.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function delete_key( $request ) {
		if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be deleted.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) );
		}

		delete_option( 'wordpress_api_key' );

		return rest_ensure_response( true );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the Akismet settings.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_settings( $request = null ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( array(
			'akismet_strictness' => ( get_option( 'akismet_strictness', '1' ) === '1' ),
			'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => ( get_option( 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved', '1' ) === '1' ),
		) );
	}

	/**
	 * Update the Akismet settings.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_boolean_settings( $request ) {
		foreach ( array(
			'akismet_strictness',
			'akismet_show_user_comments_approved',
		) as $setting_key ) {

			$setting_value = $request->get_param( $setting_key );
			if ( is_null( $setting_value ) ) {
				// This setting was not specified.
				continue;
			}

			// From 4.7+, WP core will ensure that these are always boolean
			// values because they are registered with 'type' => 'boolean',
			// but we need to do this ourselves for prior versions.
			$setting_value = Akismet_REST_API::parse_boolean( $setting_value );

			update_option( $setting_key, $setting_value ? '1' : '0' );
		}

		return self::get_settings();
	}

	/**
	 * Parse a numeric or string boolean value into a boolean.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $value The value to convert into a boolean.
	 * @return bool The converted value.
	 */
	public static function parse_boolean( $value ) {
		switch ( $value ) {
			case true:
			case 'true':
			case '1':
			case 1:
				return true;

			case false:
			case 'false':
			case '0':
			case 0:
				return false;

			default:
				return (bool) $value;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the Akismet stats for a given time period.
	 *
	 * Possible `interval` values:
	 * - all
	 * - 60-days
	 * - 6-months
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_stats( $request ) {
		$api_key = Akismet::get_api_key();

		$interval = $request->get_param( 'interval' );

		$stat_totals = array();

		$request_args = array(
			'blog' => get_option( 'home' ),
			'key' => $api_key,
			'from' => $interval,
		);

		$request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'get-stats' );

		$response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'get-stats' );

		if ( ! empty( $response[1] ) ) {
			$stat_totals[$interval] = json_decode( $response[1] );
		}

		return rest_ensure_response( $stat_totals );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current alert code and message. Alert codes are used to notify the site owner
	 * if there's a problem, like a connection issue between their site and the Akismet API,
	 * invalid requests being sent, etc.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_alert( $request ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( array(
			'code' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_code' ),
			'message' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' ),
		) );
	}

	/**
	 * Update the current alert code and message by triggering a call to the Akismet server.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_alert( $request ) {
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' );
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' );

		// Make a request so the most recent alert code and message are retrieved.
		Akismet::verify_key( Akismet::get_api_key() );

		return self::get_alert( $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Clear the current alert code and message.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function delete_alert( $request ) {
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' );
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' );

		return self::get_alert( $request );
	}

	private static function key_is_valid( $key ) {
		$request_args = array(
			'key' => $key,
			'blog' => get_option( 'home' ),
		);

		$request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'verify-key' );

		$response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'verify-key' );

		if ( $response[1] == 'valid' ) {
			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	public static function privileged_permission_callback() {
		return current_user_can( 'manage_options' );
	}

	/**
	 * For calls that Akismet.com makes to the site to clear outdated alert codes, use the API key for authorization.
	 */
	public static function remote_call_permission_callback( $request ) {
		$local_key = Akismet::get_api_key();

		return $local_key && ( strtolower( $request->get_param( 'key' ) ) === strtolower( $local_key ) );
	}

	public static function sanitize_interval( $interval, $request, $param ) {
		$interval = trim( $interval );

		$valid_intervals = array( '60-days', '6-months', 'all', );

		if ( ! in_array( $interval, $valid_intervals ) ) {
			$interval = 'all';
		}

		return $interval;
	}

	public static function sanitize_key( $key, $request, $param ) {
		return trim( $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Process a webhook request from the Akismet servers.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function receive_webhook( $request ) {
		Akismet::log( array( 'Webhook request received', $request->get_body() ) );

		/**
		 * The request body should look like this:
		 * array(
		 *     'key' => '1234567890abcd',
		 *     'endpoint' => '[comment-check|submit-ham|submit-spam]',
		 *     'comments' => array(
		 *         array(
		 *             'guid' => '[...]',
		 *             'result' => '[true|false]',
		 *             'comment_author' => '[...]',
		 *             [...]
		 *         ),
		 *         array(
		 *             'guid' => '[...]',
		 *             [...],
		 *         ),
		 *         [...]
		 *     )
		 * )
		 *
		 * Multiple comments can be included in each request, and the only truly required
		 * field for each is the guid, although it would be friendly to include also
		 * comment_post_ID, comment_parent, and comment_author_email, if possible to make
		 * searching easier.
		 */

		// The response will include statuses for the result of each comment that was supplied.
		$response = array(
			'comments' => array(),
		);

		$endpoint = $request->get_param( 'endpoint' );

		switch ( $endpoint ) {
			case 'comment-check':
				$webhook_comments = $request->get_param( 'comments' );

				if ( ! is_array( $webhook_comments ) ) {
					return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'malformed_request', __( 'The \'comments\' parameter must be an array.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) );
				}

				foreach ( $webhook_comments as $webhook_comment ) {
					$guid = $webhook_comment['guid'];

					if ( ! $guid ) {
						// Without the GUID, we can't be sure that we're matching the right comment.
						// We'll make it a rule that any comment without a GUID is ignored intentionally.
						continue;
					}

					// Search on the fields that are indexed in the comments table, plus the GUID.
					// The GUID is the only thing we really need to search on, but comment_meta
					// is not indexed in a useful way if there are many many comments. This
					// should help narrow it down first.
					$queryable_fields = array(
						'comment_post_ID' => 'post_id',
						'comment_parent' => 'parent',
						'comment_author_email' => 'author_email',
					);

					$query_args = array();
					$query_args['status'] = 'any';
					$query_args['meta_key'] = 'akismet_guid';
					$query_args['meta_value'] = $guid;

					foreach ( $queryable_fields as $queryable_field => $wp_comment_query_field ) {
						if ( isset( $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ] ) ) {
							$query_args[ $wp_comment_query_field ] = $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ];
						}
					}

					$comments_query = new WP_Comment_Query( $query_args );
					$comments = $comments_query->comments;

					if ( ! $comments ) {
						// Unexpected, although the comment could have been deleted since being submitted.
						Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: no matching comment found.' );

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Could not find matching comment.', 'akismet' ) );

						continue;
					} if ( count( $comments ) > 1 ) {
						// Two comments shouldn't be able to match the same GUID.
						Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: multiple matching comments found.', $comments );

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Multiple comments matched request.', 'akismet' ) );

						continue;
					} else {
						// We have one single match, as hoped for.
						Akismet::log( 'Found matching comment.', $comments );

						$current_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comments[0] );

						$result = $webhook_comment['result'];

						if ( 'true' == $result ) {
							Akismet::log( 'Comment should be spam' );

							// The comment should be classified as spam.
							if ( 'spam' != $current_status ) {
								// The comment is not classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to act on it, move it to spam.
								if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam; marking as spam.' );

									wp_spam_comment( $comments[0] );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam' );
								} else {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam-noaction' );
								}
							}
						} else if ( 'false' == $result ) {
							Akismet::log( 'Comment should be ham' );

							// The comment should be classified as ham.
							if ( 'spam' == $current_status ) {
								Akismet::log( 'Comment is spam.' );

								// The comment is classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to label it as spam, unspam it.
								if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) {
									Akismet::log( 'Akismet marked it as spam; unspamming.' );

									wp_unspam_comment( $comments[0] );
									akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham' );
								} else {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham-noaction' );
								}
							}
						}

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'success' );
					}
				}

				break;
			case 'submit-ham':
			case 'submit-spam':
				// Nothing to do for submit-ham or submit-spam.
				break;
			default:
				// Unsupported endpoint.
				break;
		}

		/**
		 * Allow plugins to do things with a successfully processed webhook request, like logging.
		 *
		 * @since 5.3.2
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request The REST request object.
		 */
		do_action( 'akismet_webhook_received', $request );

		Akismet::log( 'Done processing webhook.' );

		return rest_ensure_response( $response );
	}
}
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var td_email_user_pass_incorrect="User or password incorrect!";
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var tdThemeName="Newspaper";
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var td_magnific_popup_translation_tNext="Next (Right arrow key)";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_tCounter="%curr% of %total%";
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var tdb_modal_confirm="Save";
var tdb_modal_cancel="Cancel";
var tdb_modal_confirm_alt="Yes";
var tdb_modal_cancel_alt="No";
var td_ad_background_click_link="";
var td_ad_background_click_target="";
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<style>
    
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    .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i,
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    .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_10 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
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    .td_block_template_13 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
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    .td_block_template_16 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
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    body .td_block_categories_tags .td-ct-item:hover,
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        color: #ea2e2e;
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    a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_square_outlined:hover,
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        color: #ea2e2e !important;
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    .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
    .td-load-more-wrap a:hover,
    .td-post-small-box a:hover,
    .page-nav .current,
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        border-color: #ea2e2e;
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    .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after {
        border-color: #ea2e2e !important;
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    .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:before {
        border-color: transparent transparent #ea2e2e transparent;
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    .block-title > span,
    .block-title > a,
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    .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, 
    .td_3D_btn,
    .td_shadow_btn,
    .td_default_btn,
    .td_round_btn, 
    .td_outlined_btn:hover {
    	background-color: #ea2e2e;
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    .block-title,
    .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title,
    .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav,
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	    color: #ea2e2e;
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    .td-grid-style-4 .entry-title
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        background-color: rgba(234, 46, 46, 0.7);
    }


    
    .td-menu-background:before,
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        background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
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        background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
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    .td-mobile-content .current-menu-item > a,
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    .td-mobile-content .current-category-ancestor > a,
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    #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap a:hover i,
    .td-search-close span:hover i {
        color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    
	#td-mobile-nav,
	#td-mobile-nav .wpb_button,
	.td-search-wrap-mob {
		font-family:Montserrat;
	
	}


	
    .td-page-title,
    .td-category-title-holder .td-page-title {
    	font-family:Montserrat;
	font-size:32px;
	font-weight:bold;
	
    }
    
	.woocommerce {
		font-family:Montserrat;
	
	}
</style>

<link rel="icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-270x270.png" />

<!-- Button style compiled by theme -->

<style>
    .tdm_block_column_content:hover .tdm-col-content-title-url .tdm-title,
                .tds-button2 .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button2 i,
                .tds-button5:hover .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button5:hover i,
                .tds-button6 .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button6 i,
                .tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item i,
                .tdm_block_pricing .tdm-pricing-feature i,
                body .tdm-social-item i {
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }
                .tds-button1,
                .tds-button6:after,
                .tds-title2 .tdm-title-line:after,
                .tds-title3 .tdm-title-line:after,
                .tdm_block_pricing.tdm-pricing-featured:before,
                .tdm_block_pricing.tds_pricing2_block.tdm-pricing-featured .tdm-pricing-header,
                .tds-progress-bar1 .tdm-progress-bar:after,
                .tds-progress-bar2 .tdm-progress-bar:after,
                .tds-social3 .tdm-social-item {
                    background-color: #ea2e2e;
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                .tds-button2:before,
                .tds-button6:before,
                .tds-progress-bar3 .tdm-progress-bar:after {
                  border-color: #ea2e2e;
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                .tdm-btn-style1 {
					background-color: #ea2e2e;
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				.tdm-btn-style2:before {
				    border-color: #ea2e2e;
				}
				.tdm-btn-style2 {
				    color: #ea2e2e;
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				.tdm-btn-style3 {
				    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
                    -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
                    box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
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				.tdm-btn-style3:hover {
				    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
                    -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
                    box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
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	<style id="tdw-css-placeholder"></style></head>

<body class="wp-singular post-template-default single single-post postid-9096 single-format-standard wp-theme-Newspaper u-s-tensions-with-china-are-fraying-long-cultivated-academic-ties-will-the-chill-hurt-american-interests global-block-template-1 tdb_template_151 tdb-template  tdc-header-template  tdc-footer-template td-animation-stack-type0 td-full-layout" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage">

            <div class="td-scroll-up  td-hide-scroll-up-on-mob" style="display:none;"><i class="td-icon-menu-up"></i></div>
    
    <div class="td-menu-background" style="visibility:hidden"></div>
<div id="td-mobile-nav" style="visibility:hidden">
    <div class="td-mobile-container">
        <!-- mobile menu top section -->
        <div class="td-menu-socials-wrap">
            <!-- socials -->
            <div class="td-menu-socials">
                            </div>
            <!-- close button -->
            <div class="td-mobile-close">
                <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
            </div>
        </div>

        <!-- login section -->
                    <div class="td-menu-login-section">
                
    <div class="td-guest-wrap">
        <div class="td-menu-login"><a id="login-link-mob">Sign in</a></div>
    </div>
            </div>
        
        <!-- menu section -->
        <div class="td-mobile-content">
            <div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-menu-2" class="td-mobile-main-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-first menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/">News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/">Global News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/">Markets News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/">Companies</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/">BLOGS</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/">INVESTING</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/">About Us</a></li>
</ul></div>        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- register/login section -->
            <div id="login-form-mobile" class="td-register-section">
            
            <div id="td-login-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">
            	<!-- close button -->
	            <div class="td-login-close">
	                <span class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></span>
	                <div class="td-login-title">Sign in</div>
	                <!-- close button -->
		            <div class="td-mobile-close">
		                <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
		            </div>
	            </div>
	            <form class="td-login-form-wrap" action="#" method="post">
	                <div class="td-login-panel-title"><span>Welcome!</span>Log into your account</div>
	                <div class="td_display_err"></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="username" type="text" name="login_email" id="login_email-mob" value="" required><label for="login_email-mob">your username</label></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="current-password" type="password" name="login_pass" id="login_pass-mob" value="" required><label for="login_pass-mob">your password</label></div>
	                <input type="button" name="login_button" id="login_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="LOG IN">
	                
					
	                <div class="td-login-info-text">
	                <a href="#" id="forgot-pass-link-mob">Forgot your password?</a>
	                </div>
	                <div class="td-login-register-link">
	                
	                </div>
	                
	                

                </form>
            </div>

            
            
            
            
            <div id="td-forgot-pass-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">
                <!-- close button -->
	            <div class="td-forgot-pass-close">
	                <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></a>
	                <div class="td-login-title">Password recovery</div>
	            </div>
	            <div class="td-login-form-wrap">
	                <div class="td-login-panel-title">Recover your password</div>
	                <div class="td_display_err"></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" type="text" name="forgot_email" id="forgot_email-mob" value="" required><label for="forgot_email-mob">your email</label></div>
	                <input type="button" name="forgot_button" id="forgot_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="Send My Pass">
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    <div class="td-search-background" style="visibility:hidden"></div>
<div class="td-search-wrap-mob" style="visibility:hidden">
	<div class="td-drop-down-search">
		<form method="get" class="td-search-form" action="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">
			<!-- close button -->
			<div class="td-search-close">
				<span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
			</div>
			<div role="search" class="td-search-input">
				<span>Search</span>
				<input id="td-header-search-mob" type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" />
			</div>
		</form>
		<div id="td-aj-search-mob" class="td-ajax-search-flex"></div>
	</div>
</div>
    <div id="td-outer-wrap" class="td-theme-wrap">

                    <div class="td-header-template-wrap" style="position: relative">
                                <div class="td-header-mobile-wrap ">
                    <div id="tdi_1" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_2{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-mobile-wrap{
                    position: relative;
                    width: 100%;
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_2{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_1_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_1_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_3" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_4,
                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_4,
				.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_4:before{
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw; 
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                    top: 0;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_4 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_4 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_4 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_4{
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_3_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_3_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_6{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_6{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_6{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_menu tdi_7 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_7" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_7{
margin-left:-13px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-header-align{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu a{
                  display: inline-block !important;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu a > span{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu svg,
                .tdb_mobile_menu svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }#tdc-live-iframe .tdb_mobile_menu a{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.td-menu-mob-open-menu{
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.td-menu-mob-open-menu #td-outer-wrap{
                  position: static;
                }.tdi_7{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg,
                .tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 27px;
                
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
					line-height:  54px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 27px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-mobile-menu-button"><i class="tdb-mobile-menu-icon td-icon-mobile"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_9  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_9{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_9{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_9{
width:60% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_10 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_10" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_logo{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdb_header_logo h1{
                  display: flex;
                  pointer-events: auto;
                  align-items: flex-start;
                }.tdb_header_logo h1{
                  margin: 0;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-img-wrap img{
                  display: block;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-svg-wrap svg{
                  width: 50px;
                  display: block;
                  transition: fill .3s ease;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title,
                .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                  transition: all 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title{
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                  font-size: 75px;
                  font-family: serif;
                  line-height: 1.1;
                  color: #222;
                  white-space: nowrap;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                  margin-top: 2px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  font-family: serif;
                  letter-spacing: 1.8px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #767676;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon{
                  position: relative;
                  font-size: 46px;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 46px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_10 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:12px !important;;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                  .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title {
                    font-size: 36px;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                  .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline {
                    font-size: 11px;
                  }
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-text-wrap"><span class="tdb-logo-text-title">Modern</span><span class="tdb-logo-text-tagline">Business International</span></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_12  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_12{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_12{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_12{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_search tdi_13 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_13" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_13{
margin-right:-19px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_mobile_search{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_mobile_search a{
                  display: inline-block !important;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_mobile_search a > span{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb_mobile_search svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_mobile_search svg,
                .tdb_mobile_search svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }#tdc-live-iframe .tdb_mobile_search a{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.td-search-opened{
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.td-search-opened #td-outer-wrap{
                  position: static;
                }.td-search-opened .td-search-wrap-mob{
                  position: fixed;
                }.tdi_13{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob .tdb-mobile-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					display: flex;
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg,
                .tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-header-search-button-mob dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-mobile-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_14" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_15  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_15,
                .tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_15,
				.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_15{
padding-top:32px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_17  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_17{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap td-a-rec td-a-rec-id-custom-spot td-a-rec-img tdi_18 td_block_template_1">
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_18{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_18.td-a-rec{
					text-align: center;
				}.tdi_18 .td-element-style{
					z-index: -1;
				}.tdi_18 .td-spot-id-spot_img_hidden{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_18 .td-adspot-title{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_18.td-a-rec-img{
				    text-align: left;
				}.tdi_18.td-a-rec-img img{
                    margin: 0 auto 0 0;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
				    .tdi_18.td-a-rec-img {
				        text-align: center;
				    }
                }
</style><div style="display: inline-block"><a href="https://interplasuk.com/index/registration%20" target="blank"  rel="noopener"  class="td_spot_img_all"><img src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Leaderboard_RegisterNow_728-x-90-1.png"  alt="spot_img" width="728"  height="90"  /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                                <div class="td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap tdc-zone-sticky-invisible tdc-zone-sticky-inactive" style="display: none">
                    <div id="tdi_19" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_20  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" data-sticky-offset="0" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_20{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    opacity: 1;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap{
                    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_20:before{
                    content: '';
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw;
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap{
                    transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -o-transform: translateY(-120%);
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    transform: translateY(0);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(0);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(0);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(0);
                    -o-transform: translateY(0);
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_20:before {
                        width: 100%;
                    }
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_20{
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_19_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_19_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_21" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_22  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_22,
                .tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_22,
				.tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_22 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_22 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_22 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }
}
</style><div class="vc_column tdi_24  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_24{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_24{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_24{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_menu tdi_25 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_25" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_25{
margin-left:-13px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_25{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg,
                .tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 27px;
                
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
					line-height:  54px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 27px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-mobile-menu-button"><i class="tdb-mobile-menu-icon td-icon-mobile"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_27  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_27{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_27{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_27{
width:60% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_28 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_28" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_28 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:12px !important;;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/header_logo_small-2.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="36" height="34" /></span><span class="tdb-logo-text-wrap"><span class="tdb-logo-text-title">Modern</span><span class="tdb-logo-text-tagline">Business International</span></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_30  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_30{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_30{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_30{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_search tdi_31 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_31" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_31{
margin-right:-19px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_31{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob .tdb-mobile-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					display: flex;
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg,
                .tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-header-search-button-mob dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-mobile-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                
                <div class="td-header-desktop-wrap ">
                    <!-- LOGIN MODAL -->

                <div id="login-form" class="white-popup-block mfp-hide mfp-with-anim td-login-modal-wrap">
                    <div class="td-login-wrap">
                        <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-modal-back"></i></a>
                        <div id="td-login-div" class="td-login-form-div td-display-block">
                            <div class="td-login-panel-title">Sign in</div>
                            <div class="td-login-panel-descr">Welcome! Log into your account</div>
                            <div class="td_display_err"></div>
                            <form id="loginForm" action="#" method="post">
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="username" type="text" name="login_email" id="login_email" value="" required><label for="login_email">your username</label></div>
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="current-password" type="password" name="login_pass" id="login_pass" value="" required><label for="login_pass">your password</label></div>
                                <input type="button"  name="login_button" id="login_button" class="wpb_button btn td-login-button" value="Login">
                                
                            </form>

                            

                            <div class="td-login-info-text"><a href="#" id="forgot-pass-link">Forgot your password? Get help</a></div>
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        </div>

                        

                         <div id="td-forgot-pass-div" class="td-login-form-div td-display-none">
                            <div class="td-login-panel-title">Password recovery</div>
                            <div class="td-login-panel-descr">Recover your password</div>
                            <div class="td_display_err"></div>
                            <form id="forgotpassForm" action="#" method="post">
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" type="text" name="forgot_email" id="forgot_email" value="" required><label for="forgot_email">your email</label></div>
                                <input type="button" name="forgot_button" id="forgot_button" class="wpb_button btn td-login-button" value="Send My Password">
                            </form>
                            <div class="td-login-info-text">A password will be e-mailed to you.</div>
                        </div>
                        
                        
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div id="tdi_32" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_33  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_33{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-desktop-wrap{
                    position: relative;
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
position:relative;
}

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)
{
.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:43px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_32_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_32_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_34" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_35  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_35,
                .tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_35,
				.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_35 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_35 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_35 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_35{
padding-top:2px !important;
padding-bottom:2px !important;
position:relative;
}

.tdi_35 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_35{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_34_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_34_rand_style{
background-color:#174970 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_37  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span9">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_37{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_37{
width:80% !important;
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_date tdi_38 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_38" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_38{
margin-top:-1px !important;
margin-right:32px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_date{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_date .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: baseline;
                }.tdb_header_date .tdb-head-date-txt{
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdi_38{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_38 .tdb-head-date-txt{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_38 .tdb-head-date-txt{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-head-date-txt">Saturday, June 14, 2025</div></div></div> <!-- ./block -->

<script>

var tdb_login_sing_in_shortcode="on";

</script>

<div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_user tdi_39 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_39" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_39{
margin-top:-1px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_user{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-item{
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-item:hover{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-avatar{
                  position: relative;
                  width: 20px;
                  height: 0;
                  padding-bottom: 20px;
                  margin-right: 6px;
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-name{
                  margin-right: 16px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log i{
                  font-size: 10px;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 10px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdi_39{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log .tdb-head-usr-log-icon{
                    margin-right: 2px;
                
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover svg,
                .tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover svg *{
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log i{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover i{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="td-login-modal-js tdb-head-usr-item tdb-head-usr-log" href="#login-form" data-effect="mpf-td-login-effect"><span class="tdb-head-usr-log-txt">Sign in / Join</span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_41  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_41{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_41{
width:20% !important;
justify-content:flex-end !important;
text-align:right !important;
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_search tdi_42 tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_42" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_module_header{
                  width: 100%;
                  padding-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-container{
                  display: flex;
                  flex-direction: column;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-container:before{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 1px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-image-wrap{
                  display: block;
                  position: relative;
                  padding-bottom: 70%;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-image-container{
                  position: relative;
                  width: 100%;
                  flex: 0 0 auto;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-thumb{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-meta-info{
                  width: 100%;
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding: 7px 0 0 0;
                  z-index: 1;
                  border: 0 solid #eaeaea;
                  min-height: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .entry-title{
                  margin: 0;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  font-weight: 500;
                  line-height: 18px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-author-name,
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-date,
                .tdb_module_header .td-module-comments{
                  vertical-align: text-top;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-author-name,
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-date{
                  top: 3px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-thumb-css{
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  position: absolute;
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category),
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-vid-time{
                  position: absolute;
                  z-index: 2;
                  bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category){
                  left: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-vid-time{
                  right: 0;
                  background-color: #000;
                  padding: 3px 6px 4px;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 10px;
                  font-weight: 600;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #fff;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-excerpt{
                  margin: 20px 0 0;
                  line-height: 21px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-read-more{
                  margin: 20px 0 0;
                }.tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo,
                .tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo img{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_module_search .td-post-author-name{
                  white-space: normal;
                }.tdb_header_search{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-block-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form{
                  position: relative;
                  padding: 20px;
                  border-width: 3px 0 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-color: #4db2ec;
                  pointer-events: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form:before{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  display: flex;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form-inner:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  border: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 50%;
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  padding: 3px 9px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 21px;
                  color: #999;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input:focus + .tdb-head-search-placeholder,
                .tdb-head-search-form-input:not(:placeholder-shown) ~ .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                  height: auto;
                  min-height: 32px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                  color: #444;
                  flex: 1;
                  background-color: transparent;
                  border: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input.tdb-head-search-nofocus{
                  color: transparent;
                  text-shadow: 0 0 0 #444;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding: 0 15px;
                  background-color: #222222;
                  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  font-weight: 500;
                  color: #fff;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  z-index: 1;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn:hover{
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn i,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn span{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn i{
                  font-size: 12px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg{
                  width: 12px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg *{
                  fill: #fff;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results{
                  padding: 20px;
                  background-color: rgba(144, 144, 144, 0.02);
                  border-width: 1px 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-color: #ededed;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:last-child{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:last-child .td-module-container:before{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  flex-wrap: wrap;
                  *zoom: 1;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:before,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:after{
                  display: table;
                  content: '';
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:after{
                  clear: both;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg{
                  padding: 4px 0 6px 0;
                  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  font-style: italic;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg a{
                  color: #222;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg a:hover{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .td-module-meta-info,
                .tdb_header_search .td-next-prev-wrap{
                  text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_search .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-cur-element .entry-title a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdc-dragged .tdb-head-search-btn:after,
                .tdc-dragged .tdb-drop-down-search{
                  visibility: hidden !important;
                  opacity: 0 !important;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled{
                  z-index: 1000;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-head-search-btn{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                  content: '';
                  display: block;
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-width: 0 6.5px 7px 6.5px;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  border-color: transparent transparent #4db2ec transparent;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-open + .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                  visibility: visible;
                  opacity: 1;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-txt,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg *{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-txt{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 100%;
                  left: 0;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  pointer-events: none;
                  z-index: 10;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-open{
                  visibility: visible;
                  opacity: 1;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  max-width: 300px;
                  pointer-events: all;
                }.rtl .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                  margin-left: 0;
                  margin-right: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-srs-title{
                    margin-bottom: 10px;
                    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                    font-weight: 500;
                    font-size: 13px;
                    line-height: 1.3;
                    color: #888;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomies{
                    display: flex;
                    flex-direction: column;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy{
                    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                    font-size: 13px;
                    font-weight: 500;
                    line-height: 18px;
                    color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy:not(:last-child){
                    margin-bottom: 5px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy:hover{
                    color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn i{
                    font-size: 13px;
                
                    width: 31.2px;
					height: 31.2px;
					line-height:  31.2px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg{
                    width: 13px;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 31.2px;
					height: 31.2px;
                }.tdi_42{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-txt{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search{
                    top: calc(100% + 1px);
                
                    left: auto;
                    right: 0;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                    bottom: -1px;
                
                    border-bottom-color: rgba(234,46,46,0);
                }body .tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search-inner,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-search-form,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-aj-search{
                    margin-left: auto;
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover i{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover svg,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover svg *{
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-form{
                    border-color: rgba(234,46,46,0);
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                    box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                    color: #dd9933;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-input.tdb-head-search-nofocus{
                    text-shadow: 0 0 0 #dd9933;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                    color: #8224e3;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-btn:hover{
                    background-color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg,
                .tdi_42 .result-msg a{
                    color: #222222;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg a:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					width: 100%;
					float: left;
				
					padding-left: 11px;
					padding-right: 11px;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0;
					padding-bottom: 0;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .tdb-aj-search-inner{
					margin-left: -11px;
					margin-right: -11px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				
					border-color: #eaeaea;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container{
				    border-color: #eaeaea;
				
					flex-direction: row;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-thumb{
					background-position: center 50%;
				}.tdi_42 .td-image-container{
				 	flex: 0 0 30%;
				 	width: 30%;
			    
                	display: block; order: 0;
                }.ie10 .tdi_42 .td-image-container,
				.ie11 .tdi_42 .td-image-container{
				 	flex: 0 0 auto;
			    }.ie10 .tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info,
				.ie11 .tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info{
				 	flex: 1;
			    }.tdi_42 .td-post-vid-time{
					display: block;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info{
					padding: 2px 0 0 15px;
				
					border-color: #eaeaea;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-title{
					margin: 0 0 5px;
				
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-weight:500 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-excerpt{
					column-count: 1;
				
					column-gap: 48px;
				
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category){
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-read-more{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-author-date{
					display: inline;
				}.tdi_42 .td-post-author-name{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-review-stars{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-icon-star,
                .tdi_42 .td-icon-star-empty,
                .tdi_42 .td-icon-star-half{
					font-size: 15px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-comments{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .tdb-author-photo .avatar{
				    width: 20px;
				    height: 20px;
				
				    margin-right: 6px;
				
				    border-radius: 50%;
				}body .tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:hover .td-module-title a,
				.tdi_42 .tdb-aj-cur-element .entry-title a{
					color: #ea2e2e !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-drop-down-search" aria-labelledby="td-header-search-button"><div class="tdb-drop-down-search-inner"><form method="get" class="tdb-search-form" action="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-search-form-inner"><input class="tdb-head-search-form-input" placeholder=" " type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" /><button class="wpb_button wpb_btn-inverse btn tdb-head-search-form-btn" type="submit"><span>Search</span></button></div></form><div class="tdb-aj-search"></div></div></div><a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Search" class="tdb-head-search-btn dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_43" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_44  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_44,
                .tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_44:before{
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw; 
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                    top: 0;
                }.tdi_44,
				.tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_44 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_44 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_44 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_44{
position:relative;
}

.tdi_44 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_44{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_43_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_43_rand_style{
background-color:#ff9999 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_46  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_46{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_46{
width:18% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_46{
width:20% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_47 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_47" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_47 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: flex-start;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:16px !important;;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:25px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/" target="_blank"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Modern_Business_International-removebg-preview.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="346" height="140" /></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_49  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_49{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_49{
padding-right:30px !important;
padding-left:30px !important;
width:64% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_49{
padding-right:20px !important;
padding-left:20px !important;
width:60% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_menu tdi_50 tds_menu_active1 tds_menu_sub_active1 tdb-menu-items-in-more tdb-mm-align-screen td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_50"  style=" z-index: 999;">
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown{
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.5s;
                  transition: opacity 0.5s;
                  opacity: 1;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive{
                  white-space: nowrap;
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive .tdb-menu{
                  white-space: nowrap;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive .tdb-menu > li{
                  float: none;
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown:hover .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  display: block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more:after{
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 14px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  padding: 0 14px;
                  font-size: 14px;
                  line-height: 48px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
                  color: #000;
                  cursor: pointer;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  font-weight: 700;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                
                  float: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 3px;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: width 0.2s ease;
                  transition: width 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  margin: 0 0 0 7px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    position: absolute;
                    width: 170px !important;
                    background-color: #fff;
                    display: none;
                    z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    list-style-type: none;
                    top: 100%;
                    left: -15px;
                    margin: 0;
                    padding: 15px 0;
                    text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    top: 0;
                    right: 100%;
                    left: auto;
                    margin-top: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li{
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: block;
                  padding: 7px 30px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                  color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > .sub-menu{
                    display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:not(.tdb-normal-menu) > a > .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:not(.tdb-normal-menu) .sub-menu{
                  display: none !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  z-index: 999;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-main-sub-icon-fake,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-icon-fake{
                    display: none;
                }.rtl .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive > ul{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu{
                  font-size: 14px;
                
                  position: absolute;
                  top: -999em;
                  background-color: #fff;
                  z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  list-style-type: none;
                  margin: 0;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li{
                  float: left;
                  list-style-type: none;
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  padding: 0 14px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                  font-size: 14px;
                  line-height: 48px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
                  color: #000;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 3px;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: width 0.2s ease;
                  transition: width 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-menu-item-text,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a span{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  float: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  margin: 0 0 0 7px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{
                  float: none;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-item > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > a:after{
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: auto;
                  display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.td-normal-menu > ul.sub-menu{
                  top: auto;
                  left: 0;
                  z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep{
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 14px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:last-child .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  word-wrap: break-word;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  position: relative;
                  top: 0;
                  padding-left: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul{
                  left: 0;
                  padding: 15px 0;
                  text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{
                  margin-top: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item{
                  position: relative;
                  list-style-type: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: block;
                  padding: 7px 30px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                  color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  right: 0;
                  padding-right: inherit;
                  font-size: 7px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 7px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: 0;
                  display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-item > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-category-ancestor > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu > ul{
                  left: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  width: 100% !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul li,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list li{
                  display: inline-block;
                  width: auto !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item{
                  position: static;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{
                  margin-top: 0 !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu > ul{
                  left: 0 !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  float: none;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                  position: static;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  left: 0 !important;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  width: 1114px !important;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  position: absolute;
                  left: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);
                  transform: translateX(-50%);
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  top: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  max-width: 1114px !important;
                  height: auto;
                  background-color: #fff;
                  border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.tdc-dragged .tdb-block-menu ul{
                  visibility: hidden !important;
                  opacity: 0 !important;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-mm-align-screen .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{
                  -webkit-transform: translateX(0);
                  transform: translateX(0);
                }.tdb-mm-align-parent .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row:not([class*='stretch_row_']),
                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row-composer:not([class*='stretch_row_']){
                    width: auto !important;
                    max-width: 1240px;
                }.tdi_50 .td_block_inner{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 28px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 28px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more{
                    padding: 0px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:16px !important;line-height:70px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-normal-menu ul.sub-menu,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    width: 140px !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > .tdb-normal-menu > ul,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    left: -29px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                    right: 0;
                
                    margin-top: 1px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    box-shadow:  1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list li a{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_50:not(.tdb-mm-align-screen) .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                    max-width: 1200px !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-mega-menu .tdb_header_mega_menu{
                    max-width: 1114px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
					box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
				}@media (max-width: 1018px) {
                  .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                    left: auto;
                    right: -15px;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 1140px) {
                  .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li {
                    width: 100% !important;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 1018px) {
                    .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                        left: auto;
                        right: -29px;
                    }
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 18px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 18px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;line-height:60px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }
}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a:after,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-subcat-more:after{
					background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				
					bottom: 0px;
				}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a{
					color: #ffffff;
				
					background-color: #ea2e2e;
				}.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{
					fill: #ffffff;
				}
</style><div id=tdi_50 class="td_block_inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-main-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i></div><div class="tdb-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-right-arrow"></i></div><div class="tdb-menu-items-pulldown tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive"><ul id="menu-main-menu-3" class="tdb-block-menu tdb-menu tdb-menu-items-visible"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home tdb-cur-menu-item menu-item-first tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Home</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Global News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Markets News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Companies</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">BLOGS</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">INVESTING</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">About Us</div></a></li>
</ul><div class="tdb-menu-items-dropdown"><div class="td-subcat-more"><span class="tdb-menu-item-text">More</span><i class="tdb-menu-more-subicon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_54  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_54{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_54{
width:18% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_54{
width:20% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_socials tdi_55 tdm-content-horiz-right td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_55" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdm_block.tdm_block_socials{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper{
                  *zoom: 1;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper:before,
                .tdm-social-wrapper:after{
                  display: table;
                  content: '';
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper:after{
                  clear: both;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdm-social-item{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                  text-align: center;
                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
                  transform: translateZ(0);
                }.tdm-social-item i{
                  font-size: 14px;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                }.tdm-social-text{
                  display: none;
                  margin-top: -1px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
                .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover .tdm-social-text{
                  color: #000;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-text{
                  margin-right: 0 !important;
                }
</style>
<style>
.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i{
					font-size: 12px;
					vertical-align: middle;
				
					line-height: 22.8px;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-twitter,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-linkedin,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-pinterest,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-blogger,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-vimeo{
					font-size: 9.6px;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item{
					width: 22.8px;
					height: 22.8px;
				
				    margin: 4px 8px 4px 0;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-item{
				    margin-right: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_56.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item i{
					color: #ffffff;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_56.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item:hover i{
					color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-text{
					display: none;
				
					margin-left: 2px;
				
					margin-right: 18px;
				}
</style><div class="tdm-social-wrapper tds-social1 tdi_56"><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/GinuJosephIndia"  title="Facebook" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i><span style="display: none">Facebook</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/GinuJosephIndia1/"  title="Instagram" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i><span style="display: none">Instagram</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ModernPlasticsTV"  title="Youtube" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-youtube"></i><span style="display: none">Youtube</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_57" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_58  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_58,
                .tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_58,
				.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_58 {
	                    margin-left: -14px;
	                    margin-right: -14px;
	                }
	                .tdi_58 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_58 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 14px;
	                    padding-right: 14px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_58{
padding-top:5px !important;
padding-bottom:5px !important;
}

.tdi_58 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_58{
padding-top:32px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_60  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_60{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                                <div class="td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap tdc-zone-sticky-invisible tdc-zone-sticky-inactive" style="display: none">
                    <div id="tdi_61" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_62  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" data-sticky-offset="0" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_62{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_62:before{
                    content: '';
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw;
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    opacity: 1;
                
                    transform: translateY(0);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(0);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(0);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(0);
                    -o-transform: translateY(0);
                }.td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap{
                    transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -o-transform: translateY(-120%);
                
                    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_62:before {
                        width: 100%;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_62{
position:relative;
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_61_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_61_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_63" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_64  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_64,
                .tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_64,
				.tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_64 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_64 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_64 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_64{
position:relative;
}

.tdi_64 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_64{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_63_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_63_rand_style{
background-color:#f7a894 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_66  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_66{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_66{
width:15% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_66{
width:21% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_67 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_67" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_67 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: flex-start;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Modern_Business_International-removebg-preview.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="346" height="140" /></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_69  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_69{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_69{
width:70% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_69{
width:58% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_menu tdi_70 tds_menu_active1 tds_menu_sub_active1 tdb-menu-items-in-more tdb-mm-align-screen td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_70"  style=" z-index: 999;">
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_70 .td_block_inner{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 28px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 28px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more{
                    padding: 0px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:16px !important;line-height:48px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                    right: 0;
                
                    margin-top: 1px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    box-shadow:  1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
                }.tdi_70:not(.tdb-mm-align-screen) .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                    max-width: 1200px !important;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-mega-menu .tdb_header_mega_menu{
                    max-width: 1114px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
					box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
				}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 18px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 18px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;line-height:48px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }
}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a:after,
				.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-subcat-more:after{
					background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				
					bottom: 0px;
				}
</style>
<style>

</style><div id=tdi_70 class="td_block_inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-main-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i></div><div class="tdb-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-right-arrow"></i></div><div class="tdb-menu-items-pulldown tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive"><ul id="menu-main-menu-4" class="tdb-block-menu tdb-menu tdb-menu-items-visible"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home tdb-cur-menu-item menu-item-first tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Home</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Global News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Markets News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Companies</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">BLOGS</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">INVESTING</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">About Us</div></a></li>
</ul><div class="tdb-menu-items-dropdown"><div class="td-subcat-more"><span class="tdb-menu-item-text">More</span><i class="tdb-menu-more-subicon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_74  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_74{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_74{
width:15% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_74{
width:21% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_socials tdi_75 tdm-content-horiz-right td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_75" >
<style>
.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i{
					font-size: 12px;
					vertical-align: middle;
				
					line-height: 22.8px;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-twitter,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-linkedin,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-pinterest,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-blogger,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-vimeo{
					font-size: 9.6px;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item{
					width: 22.8px;
					height: 22.8px;
				
				    margin: 4px 8px 4px 0;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-item{
				    margin-right: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_76.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item i{
					color: #ffffff;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_76.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item:hover i{
					color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-text{
					display: none;
				
					margin-left: 2px;
				
					margin-right: 18px;
				}
</style><div class="tdm-social-wrapper tds-social1 tdi_76"><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/GinuJosephIndia"  title="Facebook" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i><span style="display: none">Facebook</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/GinuJosephIndia1/"  title="Instagram" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i><span style="display: none">Instagram</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ModernPlasticsTV"  title="Youtube" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-youtube"></i><span style="display: none">Youtube</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
            </div>
                <div id="tdb-autoload-article" data-autoload="off" data-autoload-org-post-id="9096" data-autoload-type="" data-autoload-count="5" >
    <style>
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            position: relative;
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        .tdb-autoload-wrap .tdb-loader-autoload {
            top: auto !important;
            bottom: 50px !important;
        }
        .tdb-autoload-debug {
            display: none;
            width: 1068px;
            margin-right: auto;
            margin-left: auto;
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        @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
            .tdb-autoload-debug {
                width: 740px;
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                display: none;
                width: 100%;
                padding-left: 20px;
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        <div class="td-main-content-wrap td-container-wrap">
            <div class="tdc-content-wrap">
                <article id="template-id-151"
                    class="post-151 tdb_templates type-tdb_templates status-publish post"                    itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"                                                                            >
	                                    <div id="tdi_77" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_78  wpb_row td-pb-row"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_78{
                    min-height: 0;
                }
</style><div id="tdi_79" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_80  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_80,
                .tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_80,
				.tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
}

.tdi_80 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:43px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_82  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_82{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_breadcrumbs tdi_83 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-breadcrumbs "  data-td-block-uid="tdi_83" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_83{
margin-bottom:18px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 11px;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  color: #747474;
                  line-height: 18px;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs a{
                  color: #747474;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs a:hover{
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep{
                  line-height: 1;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg,
                .tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg *{
                  fill: #c3c3c3;
                }.single-tdb_templates.author-template .tdb_breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 2px;
                }.tdb_category_breadcrumbs{
                  margin: 21px 0 9px;
                }.search-results .tdb_breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 2px;
                }.tdi_83 .tdb-bread-sep{
                    font-size: 8px;
                
                    margin: 0 5px;
                }.td-theme-wrap .tdi_83{
					text-align: left;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span><a title="" class="tdb-entry-crumb" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">Home</a></span><i class="tdb-bread-sep td-icon-right"></i><span><a title="View all posts in Global News" class="tdb-entry-crumb" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/">Global News</a></span><i class="tdb-bread-sep tdb-bred-no-url-last td-icon-right"></i><span class="tdb-bred-no-url-last">U.S. tensions with China are fraying long-cultivated academic ties. Will the chill...</span></div></div><script type="application/ld+json">
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                            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
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                                "item": {
                                "@type": "WebSite",
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                                "name": "Home"                                               
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                            "@type": "ListItem",
                            "position": 2,
                                "item": {
                                "@type": "WebPage",
                                "@id": "https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/",
                                "name": "Global News"
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                       </script><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_featured_image tdi_84 tdb-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_84" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_84{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
position:relative;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_featured_image{
                  margin-bottom: 26px;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-sfi-stretch{
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-sfi-stretch,
                .tdb_single_featured_image .tdb-block-inner{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image img{
                  display: block;
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image video{
                  max-width: 100%;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image .tdb-caption-text{
                  z-index: 1;
                  text-align: left;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  font-style: italic;
                  font-weight: normal;
                  line-height: 17px;
                  color: #444;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-content-horiz-center .tdb-caption-text{
                  text-align: center;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin-left: auto;
                  margin-right: auto;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-content-horiz-right .tdb-caption-text{
                  text-align: right;
                  left:  auto;
                  right: 0;
                }.tdb-no-featured-img{
                  background-color: #f1f1f1;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 500px;
                }.tdb-no-featured-audio{
                  height: 59px;
                }.tdi_84 .td-audio-player{
                    font-size: 12px;
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                    content: '';
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 0;
                    left: 0;
                    width: 100%;
                    height: 100%;
                    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,0.7),rgba(255,255,255,0));background: linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,0.7),rgba(255,255,255,0));
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.tdi_84 .tdb-caption-text{
                    margin: 6px 0 0;
                }.tdi_84:hover .tdb-block-inner:before{
                    opacity: 0;
                }
</style>
<div class="tdi_84_rand_style td-element-style">
<div class="td-element-style-before"><style>
.tdi_84_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {
content:'' !important;
width:100% !important;
height:100% !important;
position:absolute !important;
top:0 !important;
left:0 !important;
display:block !important;
z-index:0 !important;
background-position:center center !important;
background-size:cover !important;
}
</style></div><style> </style></div><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index">
                                    <img post-id="9096" fifu-featured="1" 
                                        width="" 
                                        height="" 
                                        class="entry-thumb" 
                                        src="https://image.cnbcfm.com/api/v1/image/101287804-184287950.jpg?v=1703408410&w=1920&h=1080" 
                                        alt="U.S. tensions with China are fraying long-cultivated academic ties. Will the chill hurt American interests?" title="U.S. tensions with China are fraying long-cultivated academic ties. Will the chill hurt American interests?" 
                                        title=""
                                    />
                                    </div></div><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_86  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row absolute_inner_full" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_86{
                    position: absolute !important;
                    top: 0;
                    z-index: 1;
                
                    top: auto;
                    bottom: 0;
                }.tdi_86,
				.tdi_86 .tdc-inner-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_86 .tdc-inner-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_86{
                    position: relative !important;
                    top: 0;
                    transform: none;
                    -webkit-transform: none;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_86{
width:calc(100% + ( 48px * 2 ) ) !important;
}

.tdi_86 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_86{
width:100% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_88  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span8">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_88{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_88{
padding-top:20px !important;
position:relative;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_88{
padding-top:10px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_87_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_87_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_categories tdi_89 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 "   data-td-block-uid="tdi_89" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_89{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_89{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_categories{
                  margin: 0 0 10px 0;
                  line-height: 1;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_single_categories a{
                  pointer-events: auto;
                  font-size: 10px;
                  display: inline-block;
                  margin: 0 5px 5px 0;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #fff;
                  padding: 3px 6px 4px 6px;
                  white-space: nowrap;
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_categories a:hover .tdb-cat-bg{
                  opacity: 0.9;
                }.tdb_single_categories a:hover .tdb-cat-bg:before{
                  opacity: 1;
                }.tdb-category i:last-of-type{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb-cat-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  margin-right: 10px;
                }.tdb-cat-sep{
                  font-size: 14px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-cat-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb-cat-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-cat-bg{
                  position: absolute;
                  background-color: #222;
                  border: 1px solid #222;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  z-index: -1;
                }.tdb-cat-bg:before{
                  content: '';
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  left: 0;
                  top: 0;
                  position: absolute;
                  z-index: -1;
                  opacity: 0;
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-cat-style2 .tdb-cat-bg{
                  background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.85);
                }.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-bg{
					border-width: 1px;
				}.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-sep{
					font-size: 14px;
				}.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-text{
					margin-right: 10px;
				}.td-theme-wrap .tdi_89{
					text-align: left;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-category td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-entry-category" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/" ><span class="tdb-cat-bg"></span>Global News</a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_title tdi_90 tdb-single-title td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_90" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_90{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
padding-right:0px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_90{
padding-right:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_title{
                  margin-bottom: 19px;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center{
                  text-align: center;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center .tdb-title-line{
                  margin: 0 auto;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right{
                  text-align: right;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right .tdb-title-line{
                  margin-left: auto;
                  margin-right: 0;
                }.tdb-title-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                  position: relative;
                  margin: 0;
                  word-wrap: break-word;
                  font-size: 30px;
                  line-height: 38px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                }.tdb-first-letter{
                  position: absolute;
                  -webkit-user-select: none;
                  user-select: none;
                  pointer-events: none;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                  font-size: 6em;
                  font-weight: 300;
                  top: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  left: -0.36em;
                  z-index: -1;
                  -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;
                }.tdb-title-line{
                  display: none;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-title-line:after{
                  content: '';
                  width: 100%;
                  position: absolute;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  margin: auto;
                }.tdb-single-title .tdb-title-text{
                  font-size: 41px;
                  line-height: 50px;
                  font-weight: 400;
                }.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					color: #000000;
				
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:41px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-title-line:after{
					height: 2px;
				
					bottom: 40%;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-title-line{
					height: 50px;
				}.td-theme-wrap .tdi_90{
					text-align: left;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-first-letter{
					left: -0.36em;
					right: auto;
				}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:36px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:24px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><h1 class="tdb-title-text">U.S. tensions with China are fraying long-cultivated academic ties. Will the chill hurt American interests?</h1><div></div><div class="tdb-title-line"></div></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_author tdi_92 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_92" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_92{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
padding-top:1px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-post-meta{
                  margin-bottom: 16px;
                  color: #444;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  font-weight: 400;
                  clear: none;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb-post-meta span,
                .tdb-post-meta i,
                .tdb-post-meta time{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_author{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_author a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-name-wrap{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-name{
                  font-weight: 700;
                  margin-right: 3px;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-by{
                  margin-right: 3px;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-photo img{
                  display: block;
                }.tdi_92{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_92 .tdb-author-name-wrap{
                    align-items: baseline;
                }.tdi_92 .avatar{
                    width: 20px;
                    height: 20px;
                
                    margin-right: 6px;
                
                    border-radius: 50%;
                }.tdi_92 .tdb-author-by{
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_92 .tdb-author-name{
					color: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-author-name-wrap"><span class="tdb-author-by">By</span> <a class="tdb-author-name" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/modernbusinessinternational/">modernbusinessinternational</a></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_93 tdm-inline-block td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_93" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_93{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
padding-right:5px !important;
padding-left:3px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  vertical-align: top;
                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text .tdm-descr{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
                  transform: translateZ(0);
                }.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdm-inline-text-yes{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdm-inline-text-yes{
                  vertical-align: bottom;
                }.tdi_93{
                    text-align: left !important;
                }.tdi_93 .tdm-descr{
                    color: #000000;
                
					line-height:30px !important;
				}
</style><p class="tdm-descr">-</p></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_date tdi_94 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_94" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_94{
margin-right:22px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_94{
margin-right:10px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_date{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_date a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_date .tdb-date-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_date svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_date svg,
                 .tdb_single_date svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_94{
                    display: inline-block;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_94 svg{
                    width: 14px;
                }.tdi_94 .tdb-date-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_94 svg,
				.tdi_94 svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2023-12-24T12:00:01+00:00">December 24, 2023</time></div></div> <!-- ./block --><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_comments_count tdi_95 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_95" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_95{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_95{
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_comments_count{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count .tdb-comm-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count svg,
                 .tdb_single_comments_count svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_95{
                    float: right;
                
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_95 i{
                    font-size: 10px;
                }.tdi_95 .tdb-comm-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_95 a{
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_95 a svg,
				.tdi_95 a svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				
					fill: #000000;
				}.tdi_95 a i{
					color: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2023/12/24/u-s-tensions-with-china-are-fraying-long-cultivated-academic-ties-will-the-chill-hurt-american-interests/#respond"><i class="tdb-comm-icon td-icon-comments"></i><span class="tdb-add-text"></span><span>0</span></a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_post_views tdi_96 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_96" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_96{
margin-right:22px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_96{
margin-right:10px !important;
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_post_views{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_post_views a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_post_views .tdb-views-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_post_views svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_post_views svg,
                 .tdb_single_post_views svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_96{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_96 i{
                    font-size: 14px;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_96 .tdb-views-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_96 svg,
				.tdi_96 svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				
					fill: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><i class="tdb-views-icon td-icon-views"></i><span class="tdb-add-text"></span><span class="td-nr-views-9096">91</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_98  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_98{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_98{
display:none !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper" ></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_99" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_100 td-ss-row wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_100,
                .tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_100,
				.tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
</style><div class="vc_column tdi_102  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_102{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_post_share tdi_103  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_103" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_103{
margin-bottom:20px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_post_share{
                  margin-bottom: 23px;
                }.tdb-share-classic{
                  position: relative;
                  height: 20px;
                  margin-bottom: 15px;
                }.td-post-sharing-show-all-icons .td-social-sharing-hidden .td-social-expand-tabs{
                    display: none;
                }.td-post-sharing_display-vertically .td-post-sharing-visible,
                .td-post-sharing_display-vertically .td-social-sharing-hidden{
                    display: flex;
                    flex-direction: column;
                }.tdi_103 .td-post-sharing-visible{
				    align-items: flex-start;
				}
</style><div id="tdi_103" class="td-post-sharing tdb-block td-ps-bg td-ps-padding td-post-sharing-style2 ">
		<style>
            .td-post-sharing-classic {
                position: relative;
                height: 20px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing {
                margin-left: -3px;
                margin-right: -3px;
                font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                z-index: 2;
                white-space: nowrap;
                opacity: 0;
            }
            .td-post-sharing.td-social-show-all {
                white-space: normal;
            }
            .td-js-loaded .td-post-sharing {
                -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s;
                transition: opacity 0.3s;
                opacity: 1;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-classic + .td-post-sharing {
                margin-top: 15px;
                /* responsive portrait phone */
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-classic + .td-post-sharing {
                    margin-top: 8px;
                }
            }
            .td-post-sharing-top {
                margin-bottom: 30px;
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-top {
                    margin-bottom: 20px;
                }
            }
            .td-post-sharing-bottom {
                border-style: solid;
                border-color: #ededed;
                border-width: 1px 0;
                padding: 21px 0;
                margin-bottom: 42px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-bottom .td-post-sharing {
                margin-bottom: -7px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-visible,
            .td-social-sharing-hidden {
                display: inline-block;
            }
            .td-social-sharing-hidden ul {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-social-show-all .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                display: inline-block;
            }
            .td-social-network,
            .td-social-handler {
                position: relative;
                display: inline-block;
                margin: 0 3px 7px;
                height: 40px;
                min-width: 40px;
                font-size: 11px;
                text-align: center;
                vertical-align: middle;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-handler .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network {
                color: #000;
                overflow: hidden;
            }
            .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-left-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network:hover {
                opacity: 0.8 !important;
            }
            .td-social-handler {
                color: #444;
                border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
                border-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text {
                font-weight: 700;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text:before {
                background-color: #000;
                opacity: 0.08;
            }
            .td-social-share-text {
                margin-right: 18px;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:before,
            .td-social-share-text:after {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                left: 100%;
                width: 0;
                height: 0;
                border-style: solid;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:before {
                border-width: 9px 0 9px 11px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #e9e9e9;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:after {
                border-width: 8px 0 8px 10px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #fff;
            }
            .td-social-but-text,
            .td-social-but-icon {
                display: inline-block;
                position: relative;
            }
            .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 13px;
                padding-right: 13px;
                line-height: 40px;
                z-index: 1;
            }
            .td-social-but-icon i {
                position: relative;
                top: -1px;
                vertical-align: middle;
            }
            .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: -6px;
                padding-left: 12px;
                padding-right: 17px;
                line-height: 40px;
            }
            .td-social-but-text:before {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 12px;
                left: 0;
                width: 1px;
                height: 16px;
                background-color: #fff;
                opacity: 0.2;
                z-index: 1;
            }
            .td-social-handler i,
            .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-social-stumbleupon i,
            .td-social-vk i,
            .td-social-viber i,
            .td-social-flipboard i,
            .td-social-koo i {
                font-size: 14px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram i {
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            .td-social-mail i,
            .td-social-line i,
            .td-social-print i {
                font-size: 15px;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-icon-share {
                top: -1px;
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-twitter .td-icon-twitter {
                font-size: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-pinterest .td-icon-pinterest {
                font-size: 13px;
            }
            .td-social-whatsapp .td-icon-whatsapp,
            .td-social-kakao .td-icon-kakao {
                font-size: 18px;
            }
            .td-social-kakao .td-icon-kakao:before {
                color: #3C1B1D;
            }
            .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-reddit .td-icon-reddit {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram .td-icon-telegram {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-stumbleupon .td-icon-stumbleupon {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-digg .td-icon-digg {
                left: -2px;
                font-size: 17px;
            }
            .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-vk .td-icon-vk {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-social-naver .td-icon-naver {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                left: -5px;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url {
                position: relative;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-check {
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                left: 50%;
                transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
                color: #fff;
                opacity: 0;
                pointer-events: none;
                transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out;
                z-index: 11;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url .td-icon-copy_url {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 17px;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-disabled {
                pointer-events: none;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-disabled .td-icon-copy_url {
                opacity: 0;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-copied .td-social-copy_url-check {
                opacity: 1;
            }
            @keyframes social_copy_url_loader {
                0% {
                    -webkit-transform: rotate(0);
                    transform: rotate(0)
                }
                100% {
                    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);
                    transform: rotate(360deg)
                }
            }
            .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                top: -2px;
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            @media (min-width: 767px) {
                .td-social-line,
                .td-social-viber {
                    display: none;
                }
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-network {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #facd00;
            }

            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                line-height: 38px;
                border-width: 1px;
                border-style: solid;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-left-width: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                background-color: #000;
                opacity: 0.08;
            }
            .td-ps-border.td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-right-width: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-border.td-ps-padding .td-social-network.td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                border-right-width: 1px;
            }
            .td-ps-border-grey .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-grey .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #e9e9e9;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-but-icon {
                height: 100%;
                border-color: transparent !important;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: -3px;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:after {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                left: calc(100% + 1px);
                width: 0;
                height: 0;
                border-style: solid;
                border-width: 9px 0 9px 11px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                padding-left: 20px;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow.td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:after {
                left: 100%;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon:after,
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon:after,
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon:after {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-copy_url-check {
                color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-but-text {
                font-weight: 700;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-text {
                color: #b1b1b1;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 17px;
                padding-right: 17px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-handler .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 16px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 14px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-left-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-top-right-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded.td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-right-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-expand-tabs {
                border-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-icon {
                display: block;
                line-height: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-icon .td-icon-share {
                width: auto;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 90px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 60px;
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text {
                    display: none;
                }
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-mail i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon i {
                margin-top: -2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-vk i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-viber i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-fliboard i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-koo i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text i {
                font-size: 22px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-telegram i {
                font-size: 24px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-mail i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-line i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-print i {
                font-size: 23px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-twitter i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                font-size: 20px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-whatsapp i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-naver i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-flipboard i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-kakao i {
                font-size: 26px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-pinterest .td-icon-pinterest {
                font-size: 21px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-telegram .td-icon-telegram {
                left: 1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon .td-icon-stumbleupon {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-digg .td-icon-digg {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-vk .td-icon-vk {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-naver .td-icon-naver {
                left: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-copy_url .td-icon-copy_url {
                left: 0;
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-copy_url-check {
                font-size: 18px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: 0;
                padding-top: 0;
                padding-left: 17px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-handler {
                height: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network {
                width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-icon {
                line-height: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text {
                display: block;
                line-height: 1;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-handler {
                height: 90px;
                font-size: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-network {
                min-width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-icon {
                border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding.td-ps-bar .td-social-but-icon {
                -webkit-box-shadow: none;
                box-shadow: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-text {
                display: block;
                padding-bottom: 17px;
                line-height: 1;
                border-top-left-radius: 0;
                border-top-right-radius: 0;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                line-height: 90px;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap {
                margin-left: 0;
                margin-right: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-handler {
                margin-left: 0;
                margin-right: 0;
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-expand-tabs {
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                height: 100%;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:before {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 0;
                left: 0;
                width: 100%;
                height: 100%;
                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                padding-left: 17px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon:before,
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon:before,
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon:before {
                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon:before {
                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-style1 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style3 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style5 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style14 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style16 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text {
                    display: none !important;
                }
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-style2 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style4 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style6 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style15 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style17 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style18 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style19 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style20 .td-social-share-text {
                    display: none !important;
                }
            }

        </style>

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<p>In the 1980s, Fu Xiangdong was a young Chinese virology student who came to the United States to study biochemistry. More than three decades later, he had a prestigious professorship in California and was conducting promising research on Parkinson&#8217;s disease.</p>
<p>But now Fu is doing his research at a Chinese university. His American career was derailed as U.S.-China relations unraveled, putting his collaborations with a Chinese university under scrutiny. He ended up resigning.</p>
<p>Fu&#8217;s story mirrors the rise and fall of U.S.-China academic engagement.</p>
<p>Beginning in 1978, such cooperation expanded for decades, largely insulated from the fluctuations in relations between the two countries. Today, it&#8217;s in decline, with Washington viewing Beijing as a strategic rival and there are growing fears about Chinese spying. The number of Chinese students in the United States is down, and U.S.-Chinese research collaboration is shrinking. Academics are shying away from potential China projects over fears that seemingly minor missteps could end their careers.</p>
<p>This decline isn&#8217;t hurting just students and researchers. Analysts say it will undercut American competitiveness and weaken global efforts to address health issues. Previous collaborations have led to significant advances, including in influenza surveillance and vaccine development.</p>
<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s been really harmful to U.S. science,&#8221; said Deborah Seligsohn, a former U.S. diplomat in Beijing and now a political scientist at Villanova University. &#8220;We are producing less science because of this falloff.&#8221;</p>
<p>For some, given the heightened U.S.-China tensions, the prospect for scientific advances needs to take a back seat to security concerns. In their view, such cooperation aids China by giving it access to sensitive commercial, defense and technological information. They also fear the Chinese government is using its presence in American universities to monitor and harass dissidents.</p>
<p>Those concerns were at the core of the China Initiative, a program begun in 2018 by the Justice Department under the Trump administration to uncover acts of economic espionage. While it failed to catch any spies, the effort did have an impact on researchers in American schools.</p>
<p>Under the initiative, Gang Chen, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was charged in 2021 with hiding links with the Chinese government. Prosecutors eventually dropped all charges, but Chen lost his research group. He said his family went through a hard time and has yet to recover.</p>
<p>Chen said investigations and wrongful prosecutions like his &#8220;are pushing out talents.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s going to hurt U.S. scientific enterprise, hurt U.S. competitiveness,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>The Biden administration ended the China Initiative in 2022, but there are other efforts targeting scholars with Chinese connections.</p>
<p>In Florida, a state law aimed at curbing influences from foreign countries has raised concerns that students from China could effectively be banned from labs at the state&#8217;s public universities.</p>
<p>This month, a group of Republican senators expressed concerns about Beijing&#8217;s influence on American campuses through student groups and urged the Justice Department to determine whether such groups should be registered as foreign agents.</p>
<p>Miles Yu, director of the China Center at Hudson Institute, said Beijing has exploited U.S. higher education and research institutes to modernize its economy and military.</p>
<p>&#8220;For some time, out of cultural, self-interest reasons, many people have double loyalty, erroneously thinking it&#8217;s OK to serve the interests of both the U.S. and China,&#8221; Yu said.</p>
<p>The U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement — the first major pact between the two countries, signed in 1979 — was set to lapse this year. In August, Congress extended the agreement by six months, but its future also hangs in the balance.</p>
<p>If there is a new agreement, it should take into account new advances in science and technology, Nicholas Burns, the U.S. ambassador to China, said recently.</p>
<p>There were only 700 American students studying in China, Burns said, compared with nearly 300,000 Chinese students in the U.S., which is down from a peak of about 372,000 in 2019-2020.</p>
<p>By October, nearly all Confucius Institutes, a Beijing-backed Chinese language and culture program, had closed on American university campuses. Their number fell from about 100 in 2019 to fewer than five now, according to the U.S. Government Accountability Office.</p>
<p>The National Institute of Health in 2018 began an investigation into foreign ties by asking dozens of American institutions to look into whether their faculty members might have violated policies regarding use of federal money, usually in cases involving partnerships with Chinese institutions.</p>
<p>In the case of Fu, then a professor at the University of California, San Diego, his links with Wuhan University were the focus of the NIH investigation. Fu insisted that federal money was never used toward work there, according to the local news outlet La Jolla Light, but the university ruled against him.</p>
<p>In a China Initiative case, Charles Lieber, a former chair of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard University, was found guilty in December 2021 of lying to the federal government about his affiliations with a Chinese university and a Chinese government talent-recruitment program.</p>
<p>Chen, the MIT professor, said once-encouraged collaborations suddenly became problematic. Disclosure rules had been unclear, and in many cases such collaborations had been commended, he said.</p>
<p>&#8220;Very few people in the general public understand that most U.S. universities, including MIT, don&#8217;t take on any secret research projects on campus,&#8221; Chen said. &#8220;We aim to publish our research findings.&#8221;</p>
<p>The investigations have had negative effects on university campuses. &#8220;People are so fearful that, if you check the wrong box, you could be accused of lying to the government,&#8221; Chen said.</p>
<p>In June, an academic study published in the peer-reviewed Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal said the China Initiative likely has caused widespread fear and anxiety among scientists of Chinese descent.</p>
<p>The study, which surveyed 1,304 scientists of Chinese descent employed by American universities, showed many considered leaving the U.S. or no longer applying for federal grants, the researchers wrote.</p>
<p>An analysis of research papers in the PubMed database showed that, as of 2021, U.S. scientists still co-wrote more papers with scientists from China than from any other country, but those with a history of collaborating with China experienced a decline in research productivity after 2019, soon after the NIH investigation started.</p>
<p>The study, to be published in the PNAS journal by the year&#8217;s end, found the impact of U.S.-based scholars in collaboration with China, as measured by citations, fell by 10%.</p>
<p>&#8220;It has a chilling effect on science&#8221; said Ruixue Jia, the study&#8217;s leading researcher, of the NIH investigation. &#8220;While researchers tried to finish existing cooperative projects, they were unwilling to start new ones, and the results could become worse. Both countries have been hurt.&#8221;</p>
<p>Three months after Fu resigned from the California school, his name appeared on the website of Westlake University, a private research university in the Chinese city of Hangzhou. At Westlake, Fu leads a lab to tackle issues in RNA biology and regenerative medicine.</p>
<p>In August, Fu was joined by Guan Kunliang, a fellow scientist in San Diego, who also was investigated. Guan was banned from applying for NIH grants for two years. Guan didn&#8217;t lose his job, but his lab had shrunk. Now, he&#8217;s rebuilding a molecular cell biology lab at Westlake.</p>
<p>Li Chenjian, a former vice provost of Peking University, said the talent loss to China is a complicated question and the worry might be overblown because the U.S. remains the go-to place for the world&#8217;s best brains and has an excess of talent.</p>
<p>More than 87% of Chinese students who received their doctorates in the U.S. had planned to stay in the U.S. from 2005 to 2015, according to the National Science Foundation. The percentage fell to 73.9 in 2021 but rose to 76.7 in 2022, above the average of 74.3% for all foreign students who had earned research doctorate degrees in the U.S.</p>
<p>Rao Yi, a prominent neurobiologist who returned to China from the U.S. in 2007, said American policies related to the China Initiative were &#8220;morally wrong.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;We will see how long it will take for the U.S. government and its morally upright scientists to correct such mistakes and come around to see the bigger picture of human development, beyond petty-mindedness and shortsightedness,&#8221; he said. &#8220;Throughout history, it is always the morally corrupt governments which advocate the blocking of scientific communication and persecution of scientists.&#8221;</p>
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<p><br />
<br /><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/24/us-tensions-with-china-are-fraying-long-cultivated-academic-ties-will-the-chill-hurt-us-interests.html">Source link </a> a fun game: <a href="https://sprunkihelp.com/sprunki-but-always-horror/" title="sprunki horror" rel="dofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">sprunki horror</a></p>
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</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-next-post tdb-next-post-bg tdb-post-prev"><span>Previous article</span><div class="td-module-container"><div class="next-prev-title"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2023/12/24/2023-year-in-review-vc-funding-for-startups-down-72-to-7-5-billion/">2023 Year in Review | VC funding for startups down 72% to $7.5 billion</a></div></div></div><div class="tdb-next-post tdb-next-post-bg tdb-post-next"><span>Next article</span><div class="td-module-container"><div class="next-prev-title"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2023/12/24/israel-pushes-for-control-in-northern-gaza-as-health-authorities-and-the-israeli-military-report-mounting-death-tolls/">Israel pushes for control in northern Gaza as health authorities and the Israeli military report mounting death tolls</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="tdb-author-box td_block_wrap tdb_single_author_box tdi_114 tdb-content-vert-top td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_114" >
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@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_114{
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</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/modernbusinessinternational/" class="tdb-author-photo" title="modernbusinessinternational"><img alt='modernbusinessinternational' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f29c2050ffc9516286e9e9fd3d82bd909e45c51233d812a6b028ccafd6f68cf5?s=500&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f29c2050ffc9516286e9e9fd3d82bd909e45c51233d812a6b028ccafd6f68cf5?s=1000&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-500 photo' height='500' width='500' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></a><div class="tdb-author-info"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/modernbusinessinternational/" class="tdb-author-name">modernbusinessinternational</a><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com"  class="tdb-author-url">https://modernbusinessinternational.com</a><div class="tdb-author-descr"></div><div class="tdb-author-social"></div></div></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap td_flex_block_1 tdi_115 td_with_ajax_pagination td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4 td_flex_block"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_115" >
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                            <input 
                                class="" 
                                id="url" 
                                name="url" 
                                placeholder="Website:" 
                                type="text" 
                                value="" 
                                size="30" 
                            />
                            <label for="url" class="is-visually-hidden">Website:</label>
                         </div>
<p class="comment-form-cookies-consent">
                            <input 
                                id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" 
                                name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" 
                                type="checkbox" 
                                value="yes"
                                 
                            />
                            <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label>
                          </p>
<p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='9096' id='comment_post_ID' />
<input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' />
</p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>&#916;<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="140"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form>	</div><!-- #respond -->
	</div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_118  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4 td-is-sticky">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_118{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" data-sticky-offset="20"><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_social_counter tdi_119 td-social-style10 td-social-boxed td-social-colored td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4">
<style>
.td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-item a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-block-title > *:before {
                border-color: #ea2e2e transparent transparent transparent;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-block-title > * {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td_quote_on_blocks,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-instagram-user a {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
                border-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-read-more a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-weather-information:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-weather-week:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-exchange-header:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_119 .td-post-category,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-post-category:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_119{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.td_block_social_counter{
                        font-family: 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;
                        font-weight: bold;
                        font-size: 11px;
                        color: #fff;
                        margin-bottom: 47px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter .td-sp{
                        position: relative;
                    }.td_block_social_counter .td-sp:after{
                        content: '';
                        width: 1px;
                        height: 16px;
                        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        position: absolute;
                        right: -1px;
                        top: 8px;
                    }.td-social-list{
                        *zoom: 1;
                    }.td-social-list:before,
                    .td-social-list:after{
                        display: table;
                        content: '';
                        line-height: 0;
                    }.td-social-list:after{
                        clear: both;
                    }.td_social_type{
                        width: 100%;
                        margin-bottom: 10px;
                        -webkit-transition: background-color 0.20s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1) 0s;
                        transition: background-color 0.20s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1) 0s;
                    }.td_social_type:last-child{
                        margin-bottom: 0;
                    }.td_social_type:hover .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #222;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_info{
                        padding: 0 0 0 9px;
                        position: relative;
                        top: -12px;
                    }.td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        height: 32px;
                        position: relative;
                        overflow: hidden;
                    }.td_social_type .td-social-box .td-sp{
                        display: inline-block;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_number{
                        border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        padding-left: 9px;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button{
                        float: right;
                        border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        padding: 0 14px;
                        margin-top: 8px;
                        top: 9px;
                        height: 16px;
                        line-height: 15px;
                        text-transform: uppercase;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a{
                        color: #fff;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a:after{
                        content: '';
                        display: block;
                        height: 32px;
                        position: absolute;
                        right: 0;
                        top: 0;
                        width: 324px;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a:hover{
                        color: inherit;
                        text-decoration: none !important;
                    }.td_social_type a{
                        color: #fff;
                    }.td_social_facebook .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #516eab;
                    }.td_social_rss .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ff6600;
                    }.td_social_soundcloud .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ff5419;
                    }.td_social_twitter .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td_social_vimeo .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #006599;
                    }.td_social_youtube .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #e14e42;
                    }.td_social_instagram .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #417096;
                    }.td_social_pinterest .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ca212a;
                    }.td_social_tiktok .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #009191;
                    }.td_social_twitch .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #9147FF;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type{
                        text-align: center;
                        width: 33.3333%;
                        margin: 0;
                        float: left;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        height: 100px;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type span{
                        display: block;
                        width: 100%;
                        padding: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td-sp{
                        margin-top: 10px;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td-sp::after{
                        display: none;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_info{
                        font-size: 17px;
                        top: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_info_name{
                        font-size: 13px;
                        font-weight: normal;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_button{
                        opacity: 0;
                        position: absolute;
                        height: 100%;
                        margin-top: 0;
                        top: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_button a:after{
                        width: 100%;
                        height: 100%;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_facebook .td-sp{
                        background-color: #516eab;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_rss .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ff6600;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ff5419;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_twitter .td-sp{
                        background-color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_vimeo .td-sp{
                        background-color: #006599;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_youtube .td-sp{
                        background-color: #e14e42;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_instagram .td-sp{
                        background-color: #417096;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_pinterest .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ca212a;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_tiktok .td-sp{
                        background-color: #009191;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_twitch .td-sp{
                        background-color: #9147FF;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td-sp{
                        background: none;
                        font-family: 'newspaper', sans-serif;
                        font-size: 14px;
                        text-align: center;
                        font-weight: normal;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td-sp:before{
                        position: absolute;
                        top: 0;
                        left: 0;
                        right: 0;
                        line-height: 30px;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_facebook .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e818';
                        color: #516eab;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_rss .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e828';
                        color: #ff6600;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e82b';
                        color: #ff5419;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_twitter .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e831';
                        color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_vimeo .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e832';
                        color: #006599;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_youtube .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e836';
                        color: #e14e42;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_instagram .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e81d';
                        color: #417096;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_pinterest .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e825';
                        color: #ca212a;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_tiktok .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e9d6';
                        color: #009191;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_twitch .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e909';
                        color: #9147FF;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10{
                        color: #000;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type{
                        width: 25%;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type a{
                        color: #000;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_button{
                        border-color: #ededed;
                        padding: 0;
                        border: none;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover{
                        color: #555;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover .td_social_type a{
                        color: #555;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover .td-sp{
                        -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)
                        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info{
                        font-size: 15px;
                        top: 5px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info_name{
                        font-size: 11px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        background-color: transparent;
                        height: 130px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp{
                        -webkit-transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
                        transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
                        width: 64px;
                        height: 64px;
                        margin: 0;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp:after{
                        display: none;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_facebook .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -5px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_rss .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -109px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -161px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitter .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -419px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_vimeo .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -315px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_youtube .td-sp{
                        background-position: -3px -368px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_instagram .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -212px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_pinterest .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -56px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_tiktok .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -726px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitch .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -766px;
                    }div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 300px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 228px;
                        }
                    }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 100%;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_type .td-social-box {
                            height: 70px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td-sp {
                            margin-top: 4px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_info {
                            font-size: 13px;
                            top: -12px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_info_name {
                            top: -17px;
                            font-size: 10px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info {
                            font-size: 12px;
                            top: 0;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info_name {
                            font-size: 10px;
                            top: -5px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td-social-box {
                            height: 90px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp {
                            width: 48px;
                            height: 48px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_facebook .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -13px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_rss .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -117px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -169px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitter .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -427px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_vimeo .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -323px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_youtube .td-sp {
                            background-position: -11px -376px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_instagram .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -220px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_pinterest .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -65px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_tiktok .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -732px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitch .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -772px;
                        }
                    }

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){
div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:15px !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }
}
</style><div class="td-block-title-wrap"><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Stay Connected</span></h4></div><div class="td-social-list"><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_facebook"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-facebook"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Fans</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/tagDiv"  >Like</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_instagram"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-instagram"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Followers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://instagram.com/tagdiv#"  >Follow</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_twitter"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-twitter"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">3,912</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Followers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://twitter.com/tagdivofficial"  >Follow</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_youtube"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-youtube"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Subscribers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/tagdiv"  >Subscribe</a></span></div></div></div></div> <!-- ./block --><div class="td_block_wrap td-a-rec td-a-rec-id-custom-spot td-a-rec-img tdi_120 td_block_template_1">
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_120{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_120{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_120.td-a-rec{
					text-align: center;
				}.tdi_120 .td-element-style{
					z-index: -1;
				}.tdi_120 .td-spot-id-spot_img_hidden{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_120 .td-adspot-title{
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div style="display: inline-block"><a href="https://themeforest.net/item/newspaper/5489609" target="blank"  rel="noopener"  class="td_spot_img_all"><img post-id="256" fifu-featured="1" src="https://image.cnbcfm.com/api/v1/image/107292056-1692966711769-gettyimages-1636895606-jr029973_nfdjpyzd.jpeg?v=1693146508&w=1920&h=1080"  alt="Trump campaign reports raising more than  million after Georgia booking" title="Trump campaign reports raising more than  million after Georgia booking" width="300"  height="250"  /></a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap td_flex_block_1 tdi_121 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4 td_flex_block"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_121" >
<style>
.td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-item a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-block-title > *:before {
                border-color: #ea2e2e transparent transparent transparent;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-block-title > * {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td_quote_on_blocks,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-instagram-user a {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
                border-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-read-more a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-weather-information:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-weather-week:before,
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        </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                    <span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="modernbusinessinternational"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/modernbusinessinternational/"></span><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-12-24T12:00:01+00:00"><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2023-12-24T12:00:01+00:00"><meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemType="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2023/12/24/u-s-tensions-with-china-are-fraying-long-cultivated-academic-ties-will-the-chill-hurt-american-interests/"/><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2023/12/24/u-s-tensions-with-china-are-fraying-long-cultivated-academic-ties-will-the-chill-hurt-american-interests/"></span><meta itemprop="name" content="Modern Business International"></span><meta itemprop="headline" content="U.S. tensions with China are fraying long-cultivated academic ties. Will the chill hurt American interests?"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://image.cnbcfm.com/api/v1/image/101287804-184287950.jpg?v=1703408410&w=1920&h=1080"><meta itemprop="width" content="0"><meta itemprop="height" content="0"></span>                </article>
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</script><div class="td-block-title-wrap"><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Popular Posts</span></h4></div><div id=tdi_134 class="td_block_inner td-mc1-wrap">
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        <div class="td_module_flex td_module_flex_1 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post">
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                                                            <span class="td-author-date">
                                                                                                            <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2025-06-14T05:30:57+00:00" >June 14, 2025</time></span>                                                                                                        </span>
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                                            <div class="td-editor-date">
                                                        
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