class Akismet_REST_API {
	/**
	 * Register the REST API routes.
	 */
	public static function init() {
		if ( ! function_exists( 'register_rest_route' ) ) {
			// The REST API wasn't integrated into core until 4.4, and we support 4.0+ (for now).
			return false;
		}

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/key', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_key' ),
			), array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_key' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => true,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			), array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_key' ),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/settings/', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_settings' ),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_boolean_settings' ),
				'args' => array(
					'akismet_strictness' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'boolean',
						'description' => __( 'If true, Akismet will automatically discard the worst spam automatically rather than putting it in the spam folder.', 'akismet' ),
					),
					'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'boolean',
						'description' => __( 'If true, show the number of approved comments beside each comment author in the comments list page.', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats', array(
			'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
			'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
			'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ),
			'args' => array(
				'interval' => array(
					'required' => false,
					'type' => 'string',
					'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_interval' ),
					'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ),
					'default' => 'all',
				),
			),
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats/(?P<interval>[\w+])', array(
			'args' => array(
				'interval' => array(
					'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ),
					'type' => 'string',
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/alert', array(
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			),
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_alert' ),
				'args' => array(
					'key' => array(
						'required' => false,
						'type' => 'string',
						'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ),
						'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ),
					),
				),
			)
		) );

		register_rest_route(
			'akismet/v1',
			'/webhook',
			array(
				'methods' => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
				'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'receive_webhook' ),
				'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current Akismet API key.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_key( $request = null ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( Akismet::get_api_key() );
	}

	/**
	 * Set the API key, if possible.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_key( $request ) {
		if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be changed via the API.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) );
		}

		$new_api_key = $request->get_param( 'key' );

		if ( ! self::key_is_valid( $new_api_key ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'The value provided is not a valid and registered API key.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) );
		}

		update_option( 'wordpress_api_key', $new_api_key );

		return self::get_key();
	}

	/**
	 * Unset the API key, if possible.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function delete_key( $request ) {
		if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) {
			return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be deleted.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) );
		}

		delete_option( 'wordpress_api_key' );

		return rest_ensure_response( true );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the Akismet settings.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_settings( $request = null ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( array(
			'akismet_strictness' => ( get_option( 'akismet_strictness', '1' ) === '1' ),
			'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => ( get_option( 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved', '1' ) === '1' ),
		) );
	}

	/**
	 * Update the Akismet settings.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_boolean_settings( $request ) {
		foreach ( array(
			'akismet_strictness',
			'akismet_show_user_comments_approved',
		) as $setting_key ) {

			$setting_value = $request->get_param( $setting_key );
			if ( is_null( $setting_value ) ) {
				// This setting was not specified.
				continue;
			}

			// From 4.7+, WP core will ensure that these are always boolean
			// values because they are registered with 'type' => 'boolean',
			// but we need to do this ourselves for prior versions.
			$setting_value = Akismet_REST_API::parse_boolean( $setting_value );

			update_option( $setting_key, $setting_value ? '1' : '0' );
		}

		return self::get_settings();
	}

	/**
	 * Parse a numeric or string boolean value into a boolean.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $value The value to convert into a boolean.
	 * @return bool The converted value.
	 */
	public static function parse_boolean( $value ) {
		switch ( $value ) {
			case true:
			case 'true':
			case '1':
			case 1:
				return true;

			case false:
			case 'false':
			case '0':
			case 0:
				return false;

			default:
				return (bool) $value;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the Akismet stats for a given time period.
	 *
	 * Possible `interval` values:
	 * - all
	 * - 60-days
	 * - 6-months
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_stats( $request ) {
		$api_key = Akismet::get_api_key();

		$interval = $request->get_param( 'interval' );

		$stat_totals = array();

		$request_args = array(
			'blog' => get_option( 'home' ),
			'key' => $api_key,
			'from' => $interval,
		);

		$request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'get-stats' );

		$response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'get-stats' );

		if ( ! empty( $response[1] ) ) {
			$stat_totals[$interval] = json_decode( $response[1] );
		}

		return rest_ensure_response( $stat_totals );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current alert code and message. Alert codes are used to notify the site owner
	 * if there's a problem, like a connection issue between their site and the Akismet API,
	 * invalid requests being sent, etc.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function get_alert( $request ) {
		return rest_ensure_response( array(
			'code' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_code' ),
			'message' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' ),
		) );
	}

	/**
	 * Update the current alert code and message by triggering a call to the Akismet server.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function set_alert( $request ) {
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' );
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' );

		// Make a request so the most recent alert code and message are retrieved.
		Akismet::verify_key( Akismet::get_api_key() );

		return self::get_alert( $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Clear the current alert code and message.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function delete_alert( $request ) {
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' );
		delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' );

		return self::get_alert( $request );
	}

	private static function key_is_valid( $key ) {
		$request_args = array(
			'key' => $key,
			'blog' => get_option( 'home' ),
		);

		$request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'verify-key' );

		$response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'verify-key' );

		if ( $response[1] == 'valid' ) {
			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	public static function privileged_permission_callback() {
		return current_user_can( 'manage_options' );
	}

	/**
	 * For calls that Akismet.com makes to the site to clear outdated alert codes, use the API key for authorization.
	 */
	public static function remote_call_permission_callback( $request ) {
		$local_key = Akismet::get_api_key();

		return $local_key && ( strtolower( $request->get_param( 'key' ) ) === strtolower( $local_key ) );
	}

	public static function sanitize_interval( $interval, $request, $param ) {
		$interval = trim( $interval );

		$valid_intervals = array( '60-days', '6-months', 'all', );

		if ( ! in_array( $interval, $valid_intervals ) ) {
			$interval = 'all';
		}

		return $interval;
	}

	public static function sanitize_key( $key, $request, $param ) {
		return trim( $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Process a webhook request from the Akismet servers.
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response
	 */
	public static function receive_webhook( $request ) {
		Akismet::log( array( 'Webhook request received', $request->get_body() ) );

		/**
		 * The request body should look like this:
		 * array(
		 *     'key' => '1234567890abcd',
		 *     'endpoint' => '[comment-check|submit-ham|submit-spam]',
		 *     'comments' => array(
		 *         array(
		 *             'guid' => '[...]',
		 *             'result' => '[true|false]',
		 *             'comment_author' => '[...]',
		 *             [...]
		 *         ),
		 *         array(
		 *             'guid' => '[...]',
		 *             [...],
		 *         ),
		 *         [...]
		 *     )
		 * )
		 *
		 * Multiple comments can be included in each request, and the only truly required
		 * field for each is the guid, although it would be friendly to include also
		 * comment_post_ID, comment_parent, and comment_author_email, if possible to make
		 * searching easier.
		 */

		// The response will include statuses for the result of each comment that was supplied.
		$response = array(
			'comments' => array(),
		);

		$endpoint = $request->get_param( 'endpoint' );

		switch ( $endpoint ) {
			case 'comment-check':
				$webhook_comments = $request->get_param( 'comments' );

				if ( ! is_array( $webhook_comments ) ) {
					return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'malformed_request', __( 'The \'comments\' parameter must be an array.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) );
				}

				foreach ( $webhook_comments as $webhook_comment ) {
					$guid = $webhook_comment['guid'];

					if ( ! $guid ) {
						// Without the GUID, we can't be sure that we're matching the right comment.
						// We'll make it a rule that any comment without a GUID is ignored intentionally.
						continue;
					}

					// Search on the fields that are indexed in the comments table, plus the GUID.
					// The GUID is the only thing we really need to search on, but comment_meta
					// is not indexed in a useful way if there are many many comments. This
					// should help narrow it down first.
					$queryable_fields = array(
						'comment_post_ID' => 'post_id',
						'comment_parent' => 'parent',
						'comment_author_email' => 'author_email',
					);

					$query_args = array();
					$query_args['status'] = 'any';
					$query_args['meta_key'] = 'akismet_guid';
					$query_args['meta_value'] = $guid;

					foreach ( $queryable_fields as $queryable_field => $wp_comment_query_field ) {
						if ( isset( $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ] ) ) {
							$query_args[ $wp_comment_query_field ] = $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ];
						}
					}

					$comments_query = new WP_Comment_Query( $query_args );
					$comments = $comments_query->comments;

					if ( ! $comments ) {
						// Unexpected, although the comment could have been deleted since being submitted.
						Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: no matching comment found.' );

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Could not find matching comment.', 'akismet' ) );

						continue;
					} if ( count( $comments ) > 1 ) {
						// Two comments shouldn't be able to match the same GUID.
						Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: multiple matching comments found.', $comments );

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Multiple comments matched request.', 'akismet' ) );

						continue;
					} else {
						// We have one single match, as hoped for.
						Akismet::log( 'Found matching comment.', $comments );

						$current_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comments[0] );

						$result = $webhook_comment['result'];

						if ( 'true' == $result ) {
							Akismet::log( 'Comment should be spam' );

							// The comment should be classified as spam.
							if ( 'spam' != $current_status ) {
								// The comment is not classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to act on it, move it to spam.
								if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam; marking as spam.' );

									wp_spam_comment( $comments[0] );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam' );
								} else {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam-noaction' );
								}
							}
						} else if ( 'false' == $result ) {
							Akismet::log( 'Comment should be ham' );

							// The comment should be classified as ham.
							if ( 'spam' == $current_status ) {
								Akismet::log( 'Comment is spam.' );

								// The comment is classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to label it as spam, unspam it.
								if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) {
									Akismet::log( 'Akismet marked it as spam; unspamming.' );

									wp_unspam_comment( $comments[0] );
									akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham' );
								} else {
									Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' );
									Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham-noaction' );
								}
							}
						}

						$response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'success' );
					}
				}

				break;
			case 'submit-ham':
			case 'submit-spam':
				// Nothing to do for submit-ham or submit-spam.
				break;
			default:
				// Unsupported endpoint.
				break;
		}

		/**
		 * Allow plugins to do things with a successfully processed webhook request, like logging.
		 *
		 * @since 5.3.2
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request The REST request object.
		 */
		do_action( 'akismet_webhook_received', $request );

		Akismet::log( 'Done processing webhook.' );

		return rest_ensure_response( $response );
	}
}
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var tds_logo_on_sticky="";
var tds_header_style="";
var td_please_wait="Please wait...";
var td_email_user_pass_incorrect="User or password incorrect!";
var td_email_user_incorrect="Email or username incorrect!";
var td_email_incorrect="Email incorrect!";
var td_user_incorrect="Username incorrect!";
var td_email_user_empty="Email or username empty!";
var td_pass_empty="Pass empty!";
var td_pass_pattern_incorrect="Invalid Pass Pattern!";
var td_retype_pass_incorrect="Retyped Pass incorrect!";
var tds_more_articles_on_post_enable="";
var tds_more_articles_on_post_time_to_wait="";
var tds_more_articles_on_post_pages_distance_from_top=0;
var tds_theme_color_site_wide="#ea2e2e";
var tds_smart_sidebar="";
var tdThemeName="Newspaper";
var tdThemeNameWl="Newspaper";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_tPrev="Previous (Left arrow key)";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_tNext="Next (Right arrow key)";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_tCounter="%curr% of %total%";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_ajax_tError="The content from %url% could not be loaded.";
var td_magnific_popup_translation_image_tError="The image #%curr% could not be loaded.";
var tdBlockNonce="7a95c1f949";
var tdDateNamesI18n={"month_names":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"month_names_short":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"day_names":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"day_names_short":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"]};
var tdb_modal_confirm="Save";
var tdb_modal_cancel="Cancel";
var tdb_modal_confirm_alt="Yes";
var tdb_modal_cancel_alt="No";
var td_ad_background_click_link="";
var td_ad_background_click_target="";
</script>


<!-- Header style compiled by theme -->

<style>
    
.td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-item > a,
    .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-menu-ancestor > a,
    .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > .current-category-ancestor > a,
    .td-header-wrap .black-menu .sf-menu > li > a:hover,
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    .sf-menu > li:hover > a:after,
    .sf-menu > .sfHover > a:after,
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    .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search .btn:hover,
    input[type=submit]:hover,
    .td-read-more a,
    .td-post-category:hover,
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    body .td_top_authors .td-active .td-author-comments-count,
    body .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-post-count,
    body .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-author-comments-count,
    .td-404-sub-sub-title a:hover,
    .td-search-form-widget .wpb_button:hover,
    .td-rating-bar-wrap div,
    .dropcap,
    .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_controls_playlist_wrapper,
    .wpb_default,
    .wpb_default:hover,
    .td-left-smart-list:hover,
    .td-right-smart-list:hover,
    #bbpress-forums button:hover,
    .bbp_widget_login .button:hover,
    .td-footer-wrapper .td-post-category,
    .td-footer-wrapper .widget_product_search input[type="submit"]:hover,
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    .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
    .td-load-more-wrap a:hover,
    .td-post-small-box a:hover,
    .page-nav .current,
    .page-nav:first-child > div,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current,
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    .td-smart-list-button:hover,
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    .td-close-video-fixed {
        background-color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item:before {
        border-color: #ea2e2e transparent transparent transparent !important;
    }
    
    
    .td_block_template_4 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_3 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title:after {
        background-color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    a,
    cite a:hover,
    .td-page-content blockquote p,
    .td-post-content blockquote p,
    .mce-content-body blockquote p,
    .comment-content blockquote p,
    .wpb_text_column blockquote p,
    .td_block_text_with_title blockquote p,
    .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,
    .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-list a:hover,
    .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown a:hover,
    .td_quote_on_blocks,
    .dropcap2,
    .dropcap3,
    body .td_top_authors .td-active .td-authors-name a,
    body .td_top_authors .td_mod_wrap:hover .td-authors-name a,
    .td-post-next-prev-content a:hover,
    .author-box-wrap .td-author-social a:hover,
    .td-author-name a:hover,
    .td-author-url a:hover,
    .comment-reply-link:hover,
    .logged-in-as a:hover,
    #cancel-comment-reply-link:hover,
    .td-search-query,
    .widget a:hover,
    .td_wp_recentcomments a:hover,
    .archive .widget_archive .current,
    .archive .widget_archive .current a,
    .widget_calendar tfoot a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums li.bbp-header .bbp-reply-content span a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-forums-list li a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-title:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-permalink:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-by a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-started-in a:hover,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .super-sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-body .sticky li.bbp-topic-title .bbp-topic-permalink,
    .widget_display_replies .bbp-author-name,
    .widget_display_topics .bbp-author-name,
    .td-subfooter-menu li a:hover,
    a.vc_btn-black:hover,
    .td-smart-list-dropdown-wrap .td-smart-list-button:hover,
    .td-instagram-user a,
    .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover,
    .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-display-option:hover i,
    .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,
    .td-block-title-wrap .td-wrapper-pulldown-filter .td-pulldown-filter-item .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
    .td-pulldown-syle-2 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i,
    .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
    .td-pulldown-syle-3 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i,
    .td_block_template_2 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_6 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_7 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_8 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_9 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_10 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_11 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_12 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_13 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_14 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_15 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_16 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td_block_template_17 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .td-menu-item > a:hover,
    .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .sfHover > a,
    .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-ancestor > a,
    .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-category-ancestor > a,
    .td-theme-wrap .sf-menu ul .current-menu-item > a,
    .td_outlined_btn,
    body .td_block_categories_tags .td-ct-item:hover,
    body .td_block_list_menu li.current-menu-item > a,
    body .td_block_list_menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a,
    body .td_block_list_menu li.current-category-ancestor > a {
        color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_square_outlined:hover,
    a.vc_btn-black.vc_btn_outlined:hover {
        color: #ea2e2e !important;
    }

    .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
    .td-load-more-wrap a:hover,
    .td-post-small-box a:hover,
    .page-nav .current,
    .page-nav:first-child > div,
    #bbpress-forums .bbp-pagination .current,
    .post .td_quote_box,
    .page .td_quote_box,
    a.vc_btn-black:hover,
    .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > *,
    .td_outlined_btn {
        border-color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    .td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after {
        border-color: #ea2e2e !important;
    }

    .header-search-wrap .td-drop-down-search:before {
        border-color: transparent transparent #ea2e2e transparent;
    }

    .block-title > span,
    .block-title > a,
    .block-title > label,
    .widgettitle,
    .widgettitle:after,
    body .td-trending-now-title,
    .td-trending-now-wrapper:hover .td-trending-now-title,
    .wpb_tabs li.ui-tabs-active a,
    .wpb_tabs li:hover a,
    .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab.vc_active > a,
    .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container .vc_tta-tab:hover > a,
    .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item,
    .td-subcat-filter .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more, 
    .td_3D_btn,
    .td_shadow_btn,
    .td_default_btn,
    .td_round_btn, 
    .td_outlined_btn:hover {
    	background-color: #ea2e2e;
    }
    .block-title,
    .td_block_template_1 .td-related-title,
    .wpb_tabs .wpb_tabs_nav,
    .vc_tta-container .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-tabs-position-top.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tabs-container {
        border-color: #ea2e2e;
    }
    .td_block_wrap .td-subcat-item a.td-cur-simple-item {
	    color: #ea2e2e;
	}


    
    .td-grid-style-4 .entry-title
    {
        background-color: rgba(234, 46, 46, 0.7);
    }


    
    .td-menu-background:before,
    .td-search-background:before {
        background: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
        background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: -webkit-gradient(left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.8)), color-stop(100%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7)));
        background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 100%);
        filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='rgba(0,0,0,0.8)', endColorstr='rgba(0,0,0,0.7)', GradientType=0 );
    }

    
    .td-mobile-content .current-menu-item > a,
    .td-mobile-content .current-menu-ancestor > a,
    .td-mobile-content .current-category-ancestor > a,
    #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-login-section a:hover,
    #td-mobile-nav .td-register-section a:hover,
    #td-mobile-nav .td-menu-socials-wrap a:hover i,
    .td-search-close span:hover i {
        color: #ea2e2e;
    }

    
	#td-mobile-nav,
	#td-mobile-nav .wpb_button,
	.td-search-wrap-mob {
		font-family:Montserrat;
	
	}


	
    .td-page-title,
    .td-category-title-holder .td-page-title {
    	font-family:Montserrat;
	font-size:32px;
	font-weight:bold;
	
    }
    
	.woocommerce {
		font-family:Montserrat;
	
	}
</style>

<link rel="icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-Screenshot-2023-08-24-173356-270x270.png" />

<!-- Button style compiled by theme -->

<style>
    .tdm_block_column_content:hover .tdm-col-content-title-url .tdm-title,
                .tds-button2 .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button2 i,
                .tds-button5:hover .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button5:hover i,
                .tds-button6 .tdm-btn-text,
                .tds-button6 i,
                .tdm_block_list .tdm-list-item i,
                .tdm_block_pricing .tdm-pricing-feature i,
                body .tdm-social-item i {
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }
                .tds-button1,
                .tds-button6:after,
                .tds-title2 .tdm-title-line:after,
                .tds-title3 .tdm-title-line:after,
                .tdm_block_pricing.tdm-pricing-featured:before,
                .tdm_block_pricing.tds_pricing2_block.tdm-pricing-featured .tdm-pricing-header,
                .tds-progress-bar1 .tdm-progress-bar:after,
                .tds-progress-bar2 .tdm-progress-bar:after,
                .tds-social3 .tdm-social-item {
                    background-color: #ea2e2e;
                }
                .tds-button2:before,
                .tds-button6:before,
                .tds-progress-bar3 .tdm-progress-bar:after {
                  border-color: #ea2e2e;
                }
                .tdm-btn-style1 {
					background-color: #ea2e2e;
				}
				.tdm-btn-style2:before {
				    border-color: #ea2e2e;
				}
				.tdm-btn-style2 {
				    color: #ea2e2e;
				}
				.tdm-btn-style3 {
				    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
                    -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
                    box-shadow: 0 2px 16px #ea2e2e;
				}
				.tdm-btn-style3:hover {
				    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
                    -moz-box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
                    box-shadow: 0 4px 26px #ea2e2e;
				}
</style>

	<style id="tdw-css-placeholder"></style></head>

<body class="wp-singular post-template-default single single-post postid-9899 single-format-standard wp-theme-Newspaper derivatives-is-not-a-luxury-for-bse-it-is-a-necessity-bse-md-ceo-sundararaman-ramamurthy global-block-template-1 tdb_template_151 tdb-template  tdc-header-template  tdc-footer-template td-animation-stack-type0 td-full-layout" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage">

            <div class="td-scroll-up  td-hide-scroll-up-on-mob" style="display:none;"><i class="td-icon-menu-up"></i></div>
    
    <div class="td-menu-background" style="visibility:hidden"></div>
<div id="td-mobile-nav" style="visibility:hidden">
    <div class="td-mobile-container">
        <!-- mobile menu top section -->
        <div class="td-menu-socials-wrap">
            <!-- socials -->
            <div class="td-menu-socials">
                            </div>
            <!-- close button -->
            <div class="td-mobile-close">
                <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
            </div>
        </div>

        <!-- login section -->
                    <div class="td-menu-login-section">
                
    <div class="td-guest-wrap">
        <div class="td-menu-login"><a id="login-link-mob">Sign in</a></div>
    </div>
            </div>
        
        <!-- menu section -->
        <div class="td-mobile-content">
            <div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-menu-2" class="td-mobile-main-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-first menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/">News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/">Global News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/">Markets News</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/">Companies</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/">BLOGS</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/">INVESTING</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/">About Us</a></li>
</ul></div>        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- register/login section -->
            <div id="login-form-mobile" class="td-register-section">
            
            <div id="td-login-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">
            	<!-- close button -->
	            <div class="td-login-close">
	                <span class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></span>
	                <div class="td-login-title">Sign in</div>
	                <!-- close button -->
		            <div class="td-mobile-close">
		                <span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
		            </div>
	            </div>
	            <form class="td-login-form-wrap" action="#" method="post">
	                <div class="td-login-panel-title"><span>Welcome!</span>Log into your account</div>
	                <div class="td_display_err"></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="username" type="text" name="login_email" id="login_email-mob" value="" required><label for="login_email-mob">your username</label></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="current-password" type="password" name="login_pass" id="login_pass-mob" value="" required><label for="login_pass-mob">your password</label></div>
	                <input type="button" name="login_button" id="login_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="LOG IN">
	                
					
	                <div class="td-login-info-text">
	                <a href="#" id="forgot-pass-link-mob">Forgot your password?</a>
	                </div>
	                <div class="td-login-register-link">
	                
	                </div>
	                
	                

                </form>
            </div>

            
            
            
            
            <div id="td-forgot-pass-mob" class="td-login-animation td-login-hide-mob">
                <!-- close button -->
	            <div class="td-forgot-pass-close">
	                <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-read-down"></i></a>
	                <div class="td-login-title">Password recovery</div>
	            </div>
	            <div class="td-login-form-wrap">
	                <div class="td-login-panel-title">Recover your password</div>
	                <div class="td_display_err"></div>
	                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" type="text" name="forgot_email" id="forgot_email-mob" value="" required><label for="forgot_email-mob">your email</label></div>
	                <input type="button" name="forgot_button" id="forgot_button-mob" class="td-login-button" value="Send My Pass">
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    <div class="td-search-background" style="visibility:hidden"></div>
<div class="td-search-wrap-mob" style="visibility:hidden">
	<div class="td-drop-down-search">
		<form method="get" class="td-search-form" action="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">
			<!-- close button -->
			<div class="td-search-close">
				<span><i class="td-icon-close-mobile"></i></span>
			</div>
			<div role="search" class="td-search-input">
				<span>Search</span>
				<input id="td-header-search-mob" type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" />
			</div>
		</form>
		<div id="td-aj-search-mob" class="td-ajax-search-flex"></div>
	</div>
</div>
    <div id="td-outer-wrap" class="td-theme-wrap">

                    <div class="td-header-template-wrap" style="position: relative">
                                <div class="td-header-mobile-wrap ">
                    <div id="tdi_1" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_2{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-mobile-wrap{
                    position: relative;
                    width: 100%;
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_2{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_1_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_1_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_3" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_4,
                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_4,
				.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_4:before{
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw; 
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                    top: 0;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_4 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_4 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_4 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_4{
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_3_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_3_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_6{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_6{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_6{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_menu tdi_7 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_7" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_7{
margin-left:-13px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-header-align{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu a{
                  display: inline-block !important;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu a > span{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_mobile_menu svg,
                .tdb_mobile_menu svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }#tdc-live-iframe .tdb_mobile_menu a{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.td-menu-mob-open-menu{
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.td-menu-mob-open-menu #td-outer-wrap{
                  position: static;
                }.tdi_7{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg,
                .tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 27px;
                
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
					line-height:  54px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 27px;
                }.tdi_7 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-mobile-menu-button"><i class="tdb-mobile-menu-icon td-icon-mobile"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_9  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_9{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_9 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_9{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_9{
width:60% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_10 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_10" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_logo{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdb_header_logo h1{
                  display: flex;
                  pointer-events: auto;
                  align-items: flex-start;
                }.tdb_header_logo h1{
                  margin: 0;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-img-wrap img{
                  display: block;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-svg-wrap svg{
                  width: 50px;
                  display: block;
                  transition: fill .3s ease;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title,
                .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                  transition: all 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title{
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                  font-size: 75px;
                  font-family: serif;
                  line-height: 1.1;
                  color: #222;
                  white-space: nowrap;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                  margin-top: 2px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  font-family: serif;
                  letter-spacing: 1.8px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #767676;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon{
                  position: relative;
                  font-size: 46px;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 46px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_10 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:12px !important;;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                  .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-title {
                    font-size: 36px;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                  .tdb_header_logo .tdb-logo-text-tagline {
                    font-size: 11px;
                  }
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_10 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-text-wrap"><span class="tdb-logo-text-title">Modern</span><span class="tdb-logo-text-tagline">Business International</span></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_12  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_12{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_12 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_12{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_12{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_search tdi_13 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_13" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_13{
margin-right:-19px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_mobile_search{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_mobile_search a{
                  display: inline-block !important;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_mobile_search a > span{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb_mobile_search svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_mobile_search svg,
                .tdb_mobile_search svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }#tdc-live-iframe .tdb_mobile_search a{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.td-search-opened{
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.td-search-opened #td-outer-wrap{
                  position: static;
                }.td-search-opened .td-search-wrap-mob{
                  position: fixed;
                }.tdi_13{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob .tdb-mobile-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					display: flex;
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg,
                .tdi_13 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-header-search-button-mob dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-mobile-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_14" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_15  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_15,
                .tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_15,
				.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_15{
padding-top:32px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_17  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_17{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap td-a-rec td-a-rec-id-custom-spot td-a-rec-img tdi_18 td_block_template_1">
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_18{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_18.td-a-rec{
					text-align: center;
				}.tdi_18 .td-element-style{
					z-index: -1;
				}.tdi_18 .td-spot-id-spot_img_hidden{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_18 .td-adspot-title{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_18.td-a-rec-img{
				    text-align: left;
				}.tdi_18.td-a-rec-img img{
                    margin: 0 auto 0 0;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
				    .tdi_18.td-a-rec-img {
				        text-align: center;
				    }
                }
</style><div style="display: inline-block"><a href="https://interplasuk.com/index/registration%20" target="blank"  rel="noopener"  class="td_spot_img_all"><img src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Leaderboard_RegisterNow_728-x-90-1.png"  alt="spot_img" width="728"  height="90"  /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                                <div class="td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap tdc-zone-sticky-invisible tdc-zone-sticky-inactive" style="display: none">
                    <div id="tdi_19" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_20  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" data-sticky-offset="0" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_20{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    opacity: 1;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap{
                    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_20:before{
                    content: '';
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw;
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap{
                    transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -o-transform: translateY(-120%);
                }.td-header-mobile-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    transform: translateY(0);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(0);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(0);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(0);
                    -o-transform: translateY(0);
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_20:before {
                        width: 100%;
                    }
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_20{
position:relative;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_19_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_19_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_21" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_22  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_22,
                .tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_22,
				.tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_22 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_22 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_22 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_22 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }
}
</style><div class="vc_column tdi_24  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_24{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_24 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_24{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_24{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_menu tdi_25 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_25" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_25{
margin-left:-13px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_25{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg,
                .tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button i{
                    font-size: 27px;
                
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
					line-height:  54px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button svg{
                    width: 27px;
                }.tdi_25 .tdb-mobile-menu-button .tdb-mobile-menu-icon-svg{
                    width: 54px;
					height: 54px;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-mobile-menu-button"><i class="tdb-mobile-menu-icon td-icon-mobile"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_27  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_27{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_27{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_27{
width:60% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_28 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_28" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_28 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:12px !important;;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_28 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/header_logo_small-2.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="36" height="34" /></span><span class="tdb-logo-text-wrap"><span class="tdb-logo-text-title">Modern</span><span class="tdb-logo-text-tagline">Business International</span></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_30  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_30{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_30 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_30{
                    vertical-align: middle;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_30{
width:20% !important;
display:inline-block !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_mobile_search tdi_31 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_31" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_31{
margin-right:-19px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_31{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob i{
                    font-size: 22px;
                
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					line-height:  55px;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg{
                    width: 22px;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob .tdb-mobile-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 55px;
					height: 55px;
					display: flex;
                    justify-content: center;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg,
                .tdi_31 .tdb-header-search-button-mob svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span class="tdb-header-search-button-mob dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-mobile-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></span></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                
                <div class="td-header-desktop-wrap ">
                    <!-- LOGIN MODAL -->

                <div id="login-form" class="white-popup-block mfp-hide mfp-with-anim td-login-modal-wrap">
                    <div class="td-login-wrap">
                        <a href="#" aria-label="Back" class="td-back-button"><i class="td-icon-modal-back"></i></a>
                        <div id="td-login-div" class="td-login-form-div td-display-block">
                            <div class="td-login-panel-title">Sign in</div>
                            <div class="td-login-panel-descr">Welcome! Log into your account</div>
                            <div class="td_display_err"></div>
                            <form id="loginForm" action="#" method="post">
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="username" type="text" name="login_email" id="login_email" value="" required><label for="login_email">your username</label></div>
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" autocomplete="current-password" type="password" name="login_pass" id="login_pass" value="" required><label for="login_pass">your password</label></div>
                                <input type="button"  name="login_button" id="login_button" class="wpb_button btn td-login-button" value="Login">
                                
                            </form>

                            

                            <div class="td-login-info-text"><a href="#" id="forgot-pass-link">Forgot your password? Get help</a></div>
                            
                            
                            
                            
                        </div>

                        

                         <div id="td-forgot-pass-div" class="td-login-form-div td-display-none">
                            <div class="td-login-panel-title">Password recovery</div>
                            <div class="td-login-panel-descr">Recover your password</div>
                            <div class="td_display_err"></div>
                            <form id="forgotpassForm" action="#" method="post">
                                <div class="td-login-inputs"><input class="td-login-input" type="text" name="forgot_email" id="forgot_email" value="" required><label for="forgot_email">your email</label></div>
                                <input type="button" name="forgot_button" id="forgot_button" class="wpb_button btn td-login-button" value="Send My Password">
                            </form>
                            <div class="td-login-info-text">A password will be e-mailed to you.</div>
                        </div>
                        
                        
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div id="tdi_32" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_33  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_33{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.td-header-desktop-wrap{
                    position: relative;
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
position:relative;
}

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)
{
.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:43px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_33{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_32_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_32_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_34" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_35  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_35,
                .tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_35,
				.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_35 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_35 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_35 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_35.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_35{
padding-top:2px !important;
padding-bottom:2px !important;
position:relative;
}

.tdi_35 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_35{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_34_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_34_rand_style{
background-color:#174970 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_37  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span9">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_37{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_37{
width:80% !important;
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_date tdi_38 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_38" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_38{
margin-top:-1px !important;
margin-right:32px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_date{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_date .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: baseline;
                }.tdb_header_date .tdb-head-date-txt{
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdi_38{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_38 .tdb-head-date-txt{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_38 .tdb-head-date-txt{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-head-date-txt">Saturday, June 14, 2025</div></div></div> <!-- ./block -->

<script>

var tdb_login_sing_in_shortcode="on";

</script>

<div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_user tdi_39 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_39" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_39{
margin-top:-1px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_user{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-item{
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-item:hover{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-avatar{
                  position: relative;
                  width: 20px;
                  height: 0;
                  padding-bottom: 20px;
                  margin-right: 6px;
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-name{
                  margin-right: 16px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log i{
                  font-size: 10px;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_user .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 10px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdi_39{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log .tdb-head-usr-log-icon{
                    margin-right: 2px;
                
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log{
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:13px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log-icon-svg svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover svg,
                .tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover svg *{
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log i{
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log:hover i{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-name{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_39 .tdb-head-usr-log{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:12px !important;line-height:36px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="td-login-modal-js tdb-head-usr-item tdb-head-usr-log" href="#login-form" data-effect="mpf-td-login-effect"><span class="tdb-head-usr-log-txt">Sign in / Join</span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_41  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_41{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_41 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_41{
width:20% !important;
justify-content:flex-end !important;
text-align:right !important;
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_search tdi_42 tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_42" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_module_header{
                  width: 100%;
                  padding-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-container{
                  display: flex;
                  flex-direction: column;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-container:before{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 1px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-image-wrap{
                  display: block;
                  position: relative;
                  padding-bottom: 70%;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-image-container{
                  position: relative;
                  width: 100%;
                  flex: 0 0 auto;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-thumb{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-module-meta-info{
                  width: 100%;
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding: 7px 0 0 0;
                  z-index: 1;
                  border: 0 solid #eaeaea;
                  min-height: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .entry-title{
                  margin: 0;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  font-weight: 500;
                  line-height: 18px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-author-name,
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-date,
                .tdb_module_header .td-module-comments{
                  vertical-align: text-top;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-author-name,
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-date{
                  top: 3px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-thumb-css{
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  position: absolute;
                  background-size: cover;
                  background-position: center center;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category),
                .tdb_module_header .td-post-vid-time{
                  position: absolute;
                  z-index: 2;
                  bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-category-pos-image .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category){
                  left: 0;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-post-vid-time{
                  right: 0;
                  background-color: #000;
                  padding: 3px 6px 4px;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 10px;
                  font-weight: 600;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #fff;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-excerpt{
                  margin: 20px 0 0;
                  line-height: 21px;
                }.tdb_module_header .td-read-more{
                  margin: 20px 0 0;
                }.tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo,
                .tdb_module_search .tdb-author-photo img{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_module_search .td-post-author-name{
                  white-space: normal;
                }.tdb_header_search{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-block-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form{
                  position: relative;
                  padding: 20px;
                  border-width: 3px 0 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-color: #4db2ec;
                  pointer-events: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form:before{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  display: flex;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-search-form-inner:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  border: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 50%;
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  padding: 3px 9px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 21px;
                  color: #999;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input:focus + .tdb-head-search-placeholder,
                .tdb-head-search-form-input:not(:placeholder-shown) ~ .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                  height: auto;
                  min-height: 32px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                  color: #444;
                  flex: 1;
                  background-color: transparent;
                  border: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-input.tdb-head-search-nofocus{
                  color: transparent;
                  text-shadow: 0 0 0 #444;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding: 0 15px;
                  background-color: #222222;
                  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  font-weight: 500;
                  color: #fff;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  z-index: 1;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn:hover{
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn i,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn span{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn i{
                  font-size: 12px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg{
                  width: 12px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-head-search-form-btn svg *{
                  fill: #fff;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results{
                  padding: 20px;
                  background-color: rgba(144, 144, 144, 0.02);
                  border-width: 1px 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-color: #ededed;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:last-child{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  padding-bottom: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-results .td_module_wrap:last-child .td-module-container:before{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  flex-wrap: wrap;
                  *zoom: 1;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:before,
                .tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:after{
                  display: table;
                  content: '';
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-search-inner:after{
                  clear: both;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg{
                  padding: 4px 0 6px 0;
                  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  font-style: italic;
                  background-color: #fff;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg a{
                  color: #222;
                }.tdb_header_search .result-msg a:hover{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .td-module-meta-info,
                .tdb_header_search .td-next-prev-wrap{
                  text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_search .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-cur-element .entry-title a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdc-dragged .tdb-head-search-btn:after,
                .tdc-dragged .tdb-drop-down-search{
                  visibility: hidden !important;
                  opacity: 0 !important;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled{
                  z-index: 1000;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-head-search-btn{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  position: relative;
                  text-align: center;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                  content: '';
                  display: block;
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 0;
                  border-style: solid;
                  border-width: 0 6.5px 7px 6.5px;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  border-color: transparent transparent #4db2ec transparent;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-open + .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                  visibility: visible;
                  opacity: 1;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-txt,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg *{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-search-txt{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 100%;
                  left: 0;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  transition: all 0.4s ease;
                  pointer-events: none;
                  z-index: 10;
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-open{
                  visibility: visible;
                  opacity: 1;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                }.tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                  position: relative;
                  max-width: 300px;
                  pointer-events: all;
                }.rtl .tdb-header-search-trigger-enabled .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                  margin-left: 0;
                  margin-right: auto;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-srs-title{
                    margin-bottom: 10px;
                    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                    font-weight: 500;
                    font-size: 13px;
                    line-height: 1.3;
                    color: #888;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomies{
                    display: flex;
                    flex-direction: column;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy{
                    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
                    font-size: 13px;
                    font-weight: 500;
                    line-height: 18px;
                    color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy:not(:last-child){
                    margin-bottom: 5px;
                }.tdb_header_search .tdb-aj-sr-taxonomy:hover{
                    color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn i{
                    font-size: 13px;
                
                    width: 31.2px;
					height: 31.2px;
					line-height:  31.2px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg{
                    width: 13px;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-icon-svg{
                    width: 31.2px;
					height: 31.2px;
                }.tdi_42{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                    clear: none;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-txt{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search{
                    top: calc(100% + 1px);
                
                    left: auto;
                    right: 0;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:after{
                    bottom: -1px;
                
                    border-bottom-color: rgba(234,46,46,0);
                }body .tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search-inner,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-search-form,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-aj-search{
                    margin-left: auto;
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-btn-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover i{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover svg,
                .tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-btn:hover svg *{
                    fill: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-search-form{
                    border-color: rgba(234,46,46,0);
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-drop-down-search-inner{
                    box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-input{
                    color: #dd9933;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-input.tdb-head-search-nofocus{
                    text-shadow: 0 0 0 #dd9933;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-placeholder{
                    color: #8224e3;
                }.tdi_42 .tdb-head-search-form-btn:hover{
                    background-color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg,
                .tdi_42 .result-msg a{
                    color: #222222;
                }.tdi_42 .result-msg a:hover{
                    color: #ea2e2e;
                }.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					width: 100%;
					float: left;
				
					padding-left: 11px;
					padding-right: 11px;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0;
					padding-bottom: 0;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .tdb-aj-search-inner{
					margin-left: -11px;
					margin-right: -11px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				
					border-color: #eaeaea;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container{
				    border-color: #eaeaea;
				
					flex-direction: row;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-thumb{
					background-position: center 50%;
				}.tdi_42 .td-image-container{
				 	flex: 0 0 30%;
				 	width: 30%;
			    
                	display: block; order: 0;
                }.ie10 .tdi_42 .td-image-container,
				.ie11 .tdi_42 .td-image-container{
				 	flex: 0 0 auto;
			    }.ie10 .tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info,
				.ie11 .tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info{
				 	flex: 1;
			    }.tdi_42 .td-post-vid-time{
					display: block;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-meta-info{
					padding: 2px 0 0 15px;
				
					border-color: #eaeaea;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-title{
					margin: 0 0 5px;
				
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-weight:500 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-excerpt{
					column-count: 1;
				
					column-gap: 48px;
				
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-post-category:not(.td-post-extra-category){
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-read-more{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-author-date{
					display: inline;
				}.tdi_42 .td-post-author-name{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .entry-review-stars{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .td-icon-star,
                .tdi_42 .td-icon-star-empty,
                .tdi_42 .td-icon-star-half{
					font-size: 15px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-comments{
					display: none;
				}.tdi_42 .tdb-author-photo .avatar{
				    width: 20px;
				    height: 20px;
				
				    margin-right: 6px;
				
				    border-radius: 50%;
				}body .tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:hover .td-module-title a,
				.tdi_42 .tdb-aj-cur-element .entry-title a{
					color: #ea2e2e !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap{
					padding-bottom: 10px !important;
					margin-bottom: 10px !important;
				
					padding-bottom: 10px;
					margin-bottom: 10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1){
					margin-bottom: 0 !important;
					padding-bottom: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap .td-module-container:before{
					display: block !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td_module_wrap:nth-last-child(-n+1) .td-module-container:before{
					display: none !important;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-container:before{
					bottom: -10px;
				}.tdi_42 .td-module-title a{
                    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #000;
                }@media (min-width: 768px) {
                    .tdi_42 .td-module-title a {
                        transition: all 0.2s ease;
                        -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
                    }
                }
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-drop-down-search" aria-labelledby="td-header-search-button"><div class="tdb-drop-down-search-inner"><form method="get" class="tdb-search-form" action="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-search-form-inner"><input class="tdb-head-search-form-input" placeholder=" " type="text" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" /><button class="wpb_button wpb_btn-inverse btn tdb-head-search-form-btn" type="submit"><span>Search</span></button></div></form><div class="tdb-aj-search"></div></div></div><a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Search" class="tdb-head-search-btn dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="tdb-search-icon td-icon-search"></i></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_43" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_44  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_44,
                .tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_44:before{
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw; 
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                    top: 0;
                }.tdi_44,
				.tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_44 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_44 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_44 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_44 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_44.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_44{
position:relative;
}

.tdi_44 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_44{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_43_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_43_rand_style{
background-color:#ff9999 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_46  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_46{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_46 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_46{
width:18% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_46{
width:20% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_47 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_47" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_47 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: flex-start;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:16px !important;;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:25px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_47 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/" target="_blank"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Modern_Business_International-removebg-preview.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="346" height="140" /></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_49  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_49{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_49 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_49{
padding-right:30px !important;
padding-left:30px !important;
width:64% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_49{
padding-right:20px !important;
padding-left:20px !important;
width:60% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_menu tdi_50 tds_menu_active1 tds_menu_sub_active1 tdb-menu-items-in-more tdb-mm-align-screen td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_50"  style=" z-index: 999;">
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown{
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.5s;
                  transition: opacity 0.5s;
                  opacity: 1;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive{
                  white-space: nowrap;
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive .tdb-menu{
                  white-space: nowrap;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-pulldown.tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive .tdb-menu > li{
                  float: none;
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown:hover .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  display: block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more:after{
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 14px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  padding: 0 14px;
                  font-size: 14px;
                  line-height: 48px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
                  color: #000;
                  cursor: pointer;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  font-weight: 700;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                
                  float: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 3px;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: width 0.2s ease;
                  transition: width 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  margin: 0 0 0 7px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    position: absolute;
                    width: 170px !important;
                    background-color: #fff;
                    display: none;
                    z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    list-style-type: none;
                    top: 100%;
                    left: -15px;
                    margin: 0;
                    padding: 15px 0;
                    text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    top: 0;
                    right: 100%;
                    left: auto;
                    margin-top: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li{
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: block;
                  padding: 7px 30px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                  color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > .sub-menu{
                    display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:not(.tdb-normal-menu) > a > .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list li:not(.tdb-normal-menu) .sub-menu{
                  display: none !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  z-index: 999;
                  clear: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-main-sub-icon-fake,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-icon-fake{
                    display: none;
                }.rtl .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive{
                  pointer-events: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu-inactive > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .tdb-menu-item-inactive > ul{
                  visibility: hidden;
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu{
                  font-size: 14px;
                
                  position: absolute;
                  top: -999em;
                  background-color: #fff;
                  z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  list-style-type: none;
                  margin: 0;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li{
                  float: left;
                  list-style-type: none;
                  margin: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  padding: 0 14px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                  font-size: 14px;
                  line-height: 48px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
                  color: #000;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a:after{
                  content: '';
                  position: absolute;
                  bottom: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin: 0 auto;
                  width: 0;
                  height: 3px;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
                  -webkit-transition: width 0.2s ease;
                  transition: width 0.2s ease;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-menu-item-text,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a span{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  float: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  margin: 0 0 0 7px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{
                  float: none;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-item > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.current-category-ancestor > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > a:after,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > a:after{
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: auto;
                  display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li.td-normal-menu > ul.sub-menu{
                  top: auto;
                  left: 0;
                  z-index: 99;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep{
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 14px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu > li:last-child .tdb-menu-sep{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text{
                  word-wrap: break-word;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-item-text,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                  position: relative;
                  top: 0;
                  padding-left: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul{
                  left: 0;
                  padding: 15px 0;
                  text-align: left;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{
                  margin-top: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item{
                  position: relative;
                  list-style-type: none;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a{
                  position: relative;
                  display: block;
                  padding: 7px 30px;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                  color: #111;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  position: absolute;
                  top: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  right: 0;
                  padding-right: inherit;
                  font-size: 7px;
                  line-height: 20px;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg{
                  width: 7px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg,
                .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon svg *{
                  fill: #000;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: 0;
                  display: block !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-item > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.current-category-ancestor > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > a,
                .tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item:hover > a{
                  color: #4db2ec;
                }.tdb_header_menu .tdb-normal-menu > ul{
                  left: -15px;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  width: 100% !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul li,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list li{
                  display: inline-block;
                  width: auto !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item{
                  position: static;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu ul ul{
                  margin-top: 0 !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu > ul{
                  left: 0 !important;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                  float: none;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item:hover > ul,
                .tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-normal-menu .tdb-menu-item.tdb-hover > ul{
                  top: 100%;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                  position: static;
                }.tdb_header_menu.tdb-menu-sub-inline .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                  left: 0 !important;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  width: 1114px !important;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  position: absolute;
                  left: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);
                  transform: translateX(-50%);
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                  top: 0;
                  width: 100%;
                  max-width: 1114px !important;
                  height: auto;
                  background-color: #fff;
                  border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
                  overflow: hidden;
                }.tdc-dragged .tdb-block-menu ul{
                  visibility: hidden !important;
                  opacity: 0 !important;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-mm-align-screen .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu{
                  -webkit-transform: translateX(0);
                  transform: translateX(0);
                }.tdb-mm-align-parent .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu{
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row:not([class*='stretch_row_']),
                .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .tdc-row-composer:not([class*='stretch_row_']){
                    width: auto !important;
                    max-width: 1240px;
                }.tdi_50 .td_block_inner{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 28px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 28px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more{
                    padding: 0px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:16px !important;line-height:70px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-normal-menu ul.sub-menu,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    width: 140px !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > .tdb-normal-menu > ul,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list{
                    left: -29px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                    right: 0;
                
                    margin-top: 1px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    box-shadow:  1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list li a{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                }.tdi_50:not(.tdb-mm-align-screen) .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdi_50 .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                    max-width: 1200px !important;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-mega-menu .tdb_header_mega_menu{
                    max-width: 1114px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
					box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
				}@media (max-width: 1018px) {
                  .tdb_header_menu .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                    left: auto;
                    right: -15px;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 1140px) {
                  .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li {
                    width: 100% !important;
                  }
                }@media (max-width: 1018px) {
                    .tdi_50 .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                        left: auto;
                        right: -29px;
                    }
                }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 18px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 18px;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_50 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;line-height:60px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }
}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu > li > a:after,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-subcat-more:after{
					background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				
					bottom: 0px;
				}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a{
					color: #ffffff;
				
					background-color: #ea2e2e;
				}.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-menu-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.current-category-ancestor > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu.tdb-hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu ul .tdb-normal-menu:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
				.tdi_50 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-pulldown-filter-list li:hover > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *{
					fill: #ffffff;
				}
</style><div id=tdi_50 class="td_block_inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-main-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i></div><div class="tdb-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-right-arrow"></i></div><div class="tdb-menu-items-pulldown tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive"><ul id="menu-main-menu-3" class="tdb-block-menu tdb-menu tdb-menu-items-visible"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home tdb-cur-menu-item menu-item-first tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Home</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Global News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Markets News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Companies</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">BLOGS</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">INVESTING</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">About Us</div></a></li>
</ul><div class="tdb-menu-items-dropdown"><div class="td-subcat-more"><span class="tdb-menu-item-text">More</span><i class="tdb-menu-more-subicon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_54  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_54{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_54 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_54{
width:18% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_54{
width:20% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_socials tdi_55 tdm-content-horiz-right td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_55" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdm_block.tdm_block_socials{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper{
                  *zoom: 1;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper:before,
                .tdm-social-wrapper:after{
                  display: table;
                  content: '';
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdm-social-wrapper:after{
                  clear: both;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap{
                  display: inline-block;
                }.tdm-social-item{
                  position: relative;
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                  text-align: center;
                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
                  transform: translateZ(0);
                }.tdm-social-item i{
                  font-size: 14px;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                }.tdm-social-text{
                  display: none;
                  margin-top: -1px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  font-size: 13px;
                  color: #4db2ec;
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
                  transition: all 0.2s;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
                .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover .tdm-social-text{
                  color: #000;
                }.tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-text{
                  margin-right: 0 !important;
                }
</style>
<style>
.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i{
					font-size: 12px;
					vertical-align: middle;
				
					line-height: 22.8px;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-twitter,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-linkedin,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-pinterest,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-blogger,
				.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-vimeo{
					font-size: 9.6px;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item{
					width: 22.8px;
					height: 22.8px;
				
				    margin: 4px 8px 4px 0;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-item{
				    margin-right: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_56.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item i{
					color: #ffffff;
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_56.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item:hover i{
					color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				}.tdi_56 .tdm-social-text{
					display: none;
				
					margin-left: 2px;
				
					margin-right: 18px;
				}
</style><div class="tdm-social-wrapper tds-social1 tdi_56"><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/GinuJosephIndia"  title="Facebook" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i><span style="display: none">Facebook</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/GinuJosephIndia1/"  title="Instagram" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i><span style="display: none">Instagram</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ModernPlasticsTV"  title="Youtube" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-youtube"></i><span style="display: none">Youtube</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_57" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_58  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_58,
                .tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_58,
				.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_58 {
	                    margin-left: -14px;
	                    margin-right: -14px;
	                }
	                .tdi_58 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_58 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 14px;
	                    padding-right: 14px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_58.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_58{
padding-top:5px !important;
padding-bottom:5px !important;
}

.tdi_58 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_58{
padding-top:32px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_60  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_60{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
                                <div class="td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap tdc-zone-sticky-invisible tdc-zone-sticky-inactive" style="display: none">
                    <div id="tdi_61" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_62  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style" data-sticky-offset="0" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_62{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_62:before{
                    content: '';
                    display: block;
                    width: 100vw;
                    height: 100%;
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 50%;
                    transform: translateX(-50%);
                    box-shadow:  0px 6px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                    z-index: 20;
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap.td-header-active{
                    opacity: 1;
                
                    transform: translateY(0);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(0);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(0);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(0);
                    -o-transform: translateY(0);
                }.td-header-desktop-sticky-wrap{
                    transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -webkit-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -moz-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -ms-transform: translateY(-120%);
                    -o-transform: translateY(-120%);
                
                    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_62:before {
                        width: 100%;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_62{
position:relative;
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_61_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_61_rand_style{
background-color:#ea2e2e !important;
}
 </style></div><div id="tdi_63" class="tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content"><div class="vc_row tdi_64  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style tdc-row-content-vert-center" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_64,
                .tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_64,
				.tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_64 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}@media (min-width: 768px) {
	                .tdi_64 {
	                    margin-left: -0px;
	                    margin-right: -0px;
	                }
	                .tdi_64 .tdc-row-video-background-error,
	                .tdi_64 .vc_column {
	                    padding-left: 0px;
	                    padding-right: 0px;
	                }
                }@media (min-width: 767px) {
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center,
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: center;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom,
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdc-columns {
                        display: flex;
                        align-items: flex-end;
                        flex: 1;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-center .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: middle;
                    }
                    .tdi_64.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .td_block_wrap {
                        vertical-align: bottom;
                    }
                }
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_64{
position:relative;
}

.tdi_64 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_64{
padding-right:14px !important;
padding-left:14px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_63_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_63_rand_style{
background-color:#f7a894 !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column tdi_66  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_66{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_66 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_66{
width:15% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_66{
width:21% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_logo tdi_67 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_67" >
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-a,
                .tdi_67 h1{
                    flex-direction: row;
                
                    align-items: flex-end;
                
                    justify-content: flex-start;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap{
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-svg-wrap + .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap{
                    margin-top: 0px;
                
                    margin-bottom: 0px;
                
                    margin-right: 5px;
                
                    margin-left: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:first-child{
                    margin-top: 0;
                
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-img-wrap:last-child{
                    margin-bottom: 0;
                
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-tagline{
                    margin-top: -2px;
                    margin-left: 0;
                
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Open Sans !important;font-size:11px !important;;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-title{
                    display: block;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                
                    font-family:Oswald !important;font-size:20px !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-text-wrap{
                    flex-direction: column;
                
                    align-items: center;
                }.tdi_67 .tdb-logo-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-logo-a" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><span class="tdb-logo-img-wrap"><img class="tdb-logo-img" src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Modern_Business_International-removebg-preview.png" alt="Logo"  title=""  width="346" height="140" /></span></a></div></div> <!-- ./block --></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_69  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_69{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_69 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_69{
width:70% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_69{
width:58% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_header_menu tdi_70 tds_menu_active1 tds_menu_sub_active1 tdb-menu-items-in-more tdb-mm-align-screen td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-header-align"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_70"  style=" z-index: 999;">
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_70 .td_block_inner{
                    text-align: center;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 28px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 28px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more{
                    padding: 0px;
                
                    color: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li .tdb-menu-sep,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .tdb-menu-sep{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon{
                    top: -1px;
                }.tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon{
                    top: 0px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-subicon-svg svg *,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more .tdb-menu-more-icon-svg *{
                    fill: #ffffff;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:16px !important;line-height:48px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-normal-menu ul .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list .tdb-menu-item > a .tdb-sub-menu-icon{
                    right: 0;
                
                    margin-top: 1px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu .tdb-normal-menu ul,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list,
                .tdi_70 .td-pulldown-filter-list .sub-menu{
                    box-shadow:  1px 1px 4px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
                }.tdi_70:not(.tdb-mm-align-screen) .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu,
                .tdi_70 .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
                    max-width: 1200px !important;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-mega-menu .tdb_header_mega_menu{
                    max-width: 1114px;
                    margin: 0 auto;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu .tdb-mega-menu .sub-menu > li{
					box-shadow:  0px 2px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
				}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li{
                    margin-right: 18px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li:last-child{
                    margin-right: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 18px;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-empty + .tdb-menu-items-dropdown{
                    margin-left: 0;
                }.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more,
                .tdi_70 .td-subcat-more > .tdb-menu-item-text{
                    font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;line-height:48px !important;font-weight:700 !important;
                }
}
</style>
<style>
.tdi_70 .tdb-menu > li > a:after,
				.tdi_70 .tdb-menu-items-dropdown .td-subcat-more:after{
					background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				
					bottom: 0px;
				}
</style>
<style>

</style><div id=tdi_70 class="td_block_inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-main-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i></div><div class="tdb-sub-icon-fake"><i class="tdb-sub-menu-icon td-icon-right-arrow"></i></div><div class="tdb-menu-items-pulldown tdb-menu-items-pulldown-inactive"><ul id="menu-main-menu-4" class="tdb-block-menu tdb-menu tdb-menu-items-visible"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home tdb-cur-menu-item menu-item-first tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-157"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Home</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-160"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-158"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/global-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Global News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-159"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/markets-news/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Markets News</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-161"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/companies/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">Companies</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-162"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/blogs/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">BLOGS</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-163"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/investing/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">INVESTING</div></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page tdb-menu-item-button tdb-menu-item tdb-normal-menu menu-item-7958"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/about-us/"><div class="tdb-menu-item-text">About Us</div></a></li>
</ul><div class="tdb-menu-items-dropdown"><div class="td-subcat-more"><span class="tdb-menu-item-text">More</span><i class="tdb-menu-more-subicon td-icon-down tdb-main-sub-menu-icon"></i><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_74  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span3">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_74{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_74 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_74{
width:15% !important;
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_74{
width:21% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_socials tdi_75 tdm-content-horiz-right td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_75" >
<style>
.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i{
					font-size: 12px;
					vertical-align: middle;
				
					line-height: 22.8px;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-twitter,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-linkedin,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-pinterest,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-blogger,
				.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i.td-icon-vimeo{
					font-size: 9.6px;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item{
					width: 22.8px;
					height: 22.8px;
				
				    margin: 4px 8px 4px 0;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item-wrap:last-child .tdm-social-item{
				    margin-right: 0 !important;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_76.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item i{
					color: #ffffff;
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-item-wrap:hover i,
				.tds-team-member2 .tdi_76.tds-social1 .tdm-social-item:hover i{
					color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
				}.tdi_76 .tdm-social-text{
					display: none;
				
					margin-left: 2px;
				
					margin-right: 18px;
				}
</style><div class="tdm-social-wrapper tds-social1 tdi_76"><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/GinuJosephIndia"  title="Facebook" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-facebook"></i><span style="display: none">Facebook</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/GinuJosephIndia1/"  title="Instagram" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-instagram"></i><span style="display: none">Instagram</span></a></div><div class="tdm-social-item-wrap"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ModernPlasticsTV"  title="Youtube" class="tdm-social-item"><i class="td-icon-font td-icon-youtube"></i><span style="display: none">Youtube</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                </div>
            </div>
                <div id="tdb-autoload-article" data-autoload="off" data-autoload-org-post-id="9899" data-autoload-type="" data-autoload-count="5" >
    <style>
        .tdb-autoload-wrap {
            position: relative;
        }
        .tdb-autoload-wrap .tdb-loader-autoload {
            top: auto !important;
            bottom: 50px !important;
        }
        .tdb-autoload-debug {
            display: none;
            width: 1068px;
            margin-right: auto;
            margin-left: auto;
        }
        @media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
            .tdb-autoload-debug {
                width: 740px;
            }
        }
        @media (max-width: 767px) {
            .tdb-autoload-debug {
                display: none;
                width: 100%;
                padding-left: 20px;
                padding-right: 20px;
            }
        }
    </style>

        <div class="td-main-content-wrap td-container-wrap">
            <div class="tdc-content-wrap">
                <article id="template-id-151"
                    class="post-151 tdb_templates type-tdb_templates status-publish post"                    itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"                                                                            >
	                                    <div id="tdi_77" class="tdc-zone"><div class="tdc_zone tdi_78  wpb_row td-pb-row"  >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_78{
                    min-height: 0;
                }
</style><div id="tdi_79" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_80  wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_80,
                .tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_80,
				.tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_80 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
}

.tdi_80 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:43px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_80{
margin-bottom:38px !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column tdi_82  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_82{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_82 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_breadcrumbs tdi_83 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-breadcrumbs "  data-td-block-uid="tdi_83" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_83{
margin-bottom:18px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 11px;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 12px;
                  color: #747474;
                  line-height: 18px;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs a{
                  color: #747474;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs a:hover{
                  color: #000;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep{
                  line-height: 1;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg,
                .tdb-breadcrumbs .tdb-bread-sep-svg svg *{
                  fill: #c3c3c3;
                }.single-tdb_templates.author-template .tdb_breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 2px;
                }.tdb_category_breadcrumbs{
                  margin: 21px 0 9px;
                }.search-results .tdb_breadcrumbs{
                  margin-bottom: 2px;
                }.tdi_83 .tdb-bread-sep{
                    font-size: 8px;
                
                    margin: 0 5px;
                }.td-theme-wrap .tdi_83{
					text-align: left;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><span><a title="" class="tdb-entry-crumb" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/">Home</a></span><i class="tdb-bread-sep tdb-bred-no-url-last td-icon-right"></i><span class="tdb-bred-no-url-last">‘Derivatives is Not a Luxury For BSE, it is a Necessity’: BSE...</span></div></div><script type="application/ld+json">
                        {
                            "@context": "http://schema.org",
                            "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
                            "itemListElement": [{
                            "@type": "ListItem",
                            "position": 1,
                                "item": {
                                "@type": "WebSite",
                                "@id": "https://modernbusinessinternational.com/",
                                "name": "Home"                                               
                            }
                        },{
                            "@type": "ListItem",
                            "position": 2,
                                "item": {
                                "@type": "WebPage",
                                "@id": "",
                                "name": "‘Derivatives is Not a Luxury For BSE, it is a Necessity’: BSE..."
                            }
                        }    ]
                        }
                       </script><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_featured_image tdi_84 tdb-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_84" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_84{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
position:relative;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_featured_image{
                  margin-bottom: 26px;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-sfi-stretch{
                  opacity: 0;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-sfi-stretch,
                .tdb_single_featured_image .tdb-block-inner{
                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image img{
                  display: block;
                  width: 100%;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image video{
                  max-width: 100%;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image .tdb-caption-text{
                  z-index: 1;
                  text-align: left;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  font-style: italic;
                  font-weight: normal;
                  line-height: 17px;
                  color: #444;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-content-horiz-center .tdb-caption-text{
                  text-align: center;
                  left: 0;
                  right: 0;
                  margin-left: auto;
                  margin-right: auto;
                }.tdb_single_featured_image.tdb-content-horiz-right .tdb-caption-text{
                  text-align: right;
                  left:  auto;
                  right: 0;
                }.tdb-no-featured-img{
                  background-color: #f1f1f1;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 500px;
                }.tdb-no-featured-audio{
                  height: 59px;
                }.tdi_84 .td-audio-player{
                    font-size: 12px;
                }.tdi_84:after{
                    content: '';
                    position: absolute;
                    top: 0;
                    left: 0;
                    width: 100%;
                    height: 100%;
                    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,0.7),rgba(255,255,255,0));background: linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,0.7),rgba(255,255,255,0));
                    pointer-events: none;
                }.tdi_84 .tdb-caption-text{
                    margin: 6px 0 0;
                }.tdi_84:hover .tdb-block-inner:before{
                    opacity: 0;
                }
</style>
<div class="tdi_84_rand_style td-element-style">
<div class="td-element-style-before"><style>
.tdi_84_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {
content:'' !important;
width:100% !important;
height:100% !important;
position:absolute !important;
top:0 !important;
left:0 !important;
display:block !important;
z-index:0 !important;
background-position:center center !important;
background-size:cover !important;
}
</style></div><style> </style></div><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index">
                                    <img 
                                        width="696" 
                                        height="392" 
                                        class="entry-thumb" 
                                        src="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-696x392.jpg" srcset="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-696x392.jpg 696w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-150x84.jpg 150w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" 
                                        alt="" 
                                        title="maxresdefault (3)"
                                    />
                                    </div></div><div class="vc_row_inner tdi_86  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row absolute_inner_full" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_86{
                    position: absolute !important;
                    top: 0;
                    z-index: 1;
                
                    top: auto;
                    bottom: 0;
                }.tdi_86,
				.tdi_86 .tdc-inner-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_86 .tdc-inner-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_86{
                    position: relative !important;
                    top: 0;
                    transform: none;
                    -webkit-transform: none;
                }
}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_86{
width:calc(100% + ( 48px * 2 ) ) !important;
}

.tdi_86 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_86{
width:100% !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_88  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span8">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_88{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_88 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_88{
padding-top:20px !important;
position:relative;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_88{
padding-top:10px !important;
}
}

</style>
<div class="tdi_87_rand_style td-element-style" ><style>
.tdi_87_rand_style{
background-color:#ffffff !important;
}
 </style></div><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_categories tdi_89 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 "   data-td-block-uid="tdi_89" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_89{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_89{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_categories{
                  margin: 0 0 10px 0;
                  line-height: 1;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                }.tdb_single_categories a{
                  pointer-events: auto;
                  font-size: 10px;
                  display: inline-block;
                  margin: 0 5px 5px 0;
                  line-height: 1;
                  color: #fff;
                  padding: 3px 6px 4px 6px;
                  white-space: nowrap;
                  position: relative;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_categories a:hover .tdb-cat-bg{
                  opacity: 0.9;
                }.tdb_single_categories a:hover .tdb-cat-bg:before{
                  opacity: 1;
                }.tdb-category i:last-of-type{
                  display: none;
                }.tdb-cat-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  margin-right: 10px;
                }.tdb-cat-sep{
                  font-size: 14px;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-cat-sep-svg{
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb-cat-sep-svg svg{
                  width: 14px;
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb-cat-bg{
                  position: absolute;
                  background-color: #222;
                  border: 1px solid #222;
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  z-index: -1;
                }.tdb-cat-bg:before{
                  content: '';
                  width: 100%;
                  height: 100%;
                  left: 0;
                  top: 0;
                  position: absolute;
                  z-index: -1;
                  opacity: 0;
                  -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
                }.tdb-cat-style2 .tdb-cat-bg{
                  background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.85);
                }.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-bg{
					border-width: 1px;
				}.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-sep{
					font-size: 14px;
				}.tdi_89 .tdb-cat-text{
					margin-right: 10px;
				}.td-theme-wrap .tdi_89{
					text-align: left;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-category td-fix-index"><a class="tdb-entry-category" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/category/featured/" ><span class="tdb-cat-bg"></span>Featured</a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_title tdi_90 tdb-single-title td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_90" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_90{
margin-bottom:5px !important;
padding-right:0px !important;
}
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)
{
.tdi_90{
padding-right:0px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_title{
                  margin-bottom: 19px;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center{
                  text-align: center;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-center .tdb-title-line{
                  margin: 0 auto;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right{
                  text-align: right;
                }.tdb_title.tdb-content-horiz-right .tdb-title-line{
                  margin-left: auto;
                  margin-right: 0;
                }.tdb-title-text{
                  display: inline-block;
                  position: relative;
                  margin: 0;
                  word-wrap: break-word;
                  font-size: 30px;
                  line-height: 38px;
                  font-weight: 700;
                }.tdb-first-letter{
                  position: absolute;
                  -webkit-user-select: none;
                  user-select: none;
                  pointer-events: none;
                  text-transform: uppercase;
                  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
                  font-size: 6em;
                  font-weight: 300;
                  top: 50%;
                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                  transform: translateY(-50%);
                  left: -0.36em;
                  z-index: -1;
                  -webkit-text-fill-color: initial;
                }.tdb-title-line{
                  display: none;
                  position: relative;
                }.tdb-title-line:after{
                  content: '';
                  width: 100%;
                  position: absolute;
                  background-color: #4db2ec;
                  top: 0;
                  left: 0;
                  margin: auto;
                }.tdb-single-title .tdb-title-text{
                  font-size: 41px;
                  line-height: 50px;
                  font-weight: 400;
                }.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					color: #000000;
				
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:41px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-title-line:after{
					height: 2px;
				
					bottom: 40%;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-title-line{
					height: 50px;
				}.td-theme-wrap .tdi_90{
					text-align: left;
				}.tdi_90 .tdb-first-letter{
					left: -0.36em;
					right: auto;
				}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:36px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px){
.tdi_90 .tdb-title-text{
					font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:24px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;font-weight:700 !important;
				}
}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><h1 class="tdb-title-text">‘Derivatives is Not a Luxury For BSE, it is a Necessity’: BSE MD &#038; CEO Sundararaman Ramamurthy</h1><div></div><div class="tdb-title-line"></div></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_author tdi_92 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_92" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_92{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
padding-top:1px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb-post-meta{
                  margin-bottom: 16px;
                  color: #444;
                  font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                  font-size: 11px;
                  font-weight: 400;
                  clear: none;
                  vertical-align: middle;
                  line-height: 1;
                }.tdb-post-meta span,
                .tdb-post-meta i,
                .tdb-post-meta time{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_author{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_author a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-block-inner{
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-name-wrap{
                  display: flex;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-name{
                  font-weight: 700;
                  margin-right: 3px;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-by{
                  margin-right: 3px;
                }.tdb_single_author .tdb-author-photo img{
                  display: block;
                }.tdi_92{
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_92 .tdb-author-name-wrap{
                    align-items: baseline;
                }.tdi_92 .avatar{
                    width: 20px;
                    height: 20px;
                
                    margin-right: 6px;
                
                    border-radius: 50%;
                }.tdi_92 .tdb-author-by{
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_92 .tdb-author-name{
					color: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-author-name-wrap"><span class="tdb-author-by">By</span> <a class="tdb-author-name" href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/junior_editor/">Junior Editor</a></div></div></div><div class="tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_93 tdm-inline-block td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_93" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_93{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
padding-right:5px !important;
padding-left:3px !important;
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  vertical-align: top;
                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_inline_text .tdm-descr{
                  margin-bottom: 0;
                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
                  transform: translateZ(0);
                }.tdc-row-content-vert-center .tdm-inline-text-yes{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdc-row-content-vert-bottom .tdm-inline-text-yes{
                  vertical-align: bottom;
                }.tdi_93{
                    text-align: left !important;
                }.tdi_93 .tdm-descr{
                    color: #000000;
                
					line-height:30px !important;
				}
</style><p class="tdm-descr">-</p></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_date tdi_94 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_94" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_94{
margin-right:22px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_94{
margin-right:10px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_date{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_date a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_date .tdb-date-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_date svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_date svg,
                 .tdb_single_date svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_94{
                    display: inline-block;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_94 svg{
                    width: 14px;
                }.tdi_94 .tdb-date-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_94 svg,
				.tdi_94 svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2024-04-05T12:14:11+00:00">April 5, 2024</time></div></div> <!-- ./block --><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_comments_count tdi_95 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_95" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_95{
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_95{
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_comments_count{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count .tdb-comm-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_comments_count svg,
                 .tdb_single_comments_count svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_95{
                    float: right;
                
                    display: inline-block;
                }.tdi_95 i{
                    font-size: 10px;
                }.tdi_95 .tdb-comm-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_95 a{
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_95 a svg,
				.tdi_95 a svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				
					fill: #000000;
				}.tdi_95 a i{
					color: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2024/04/05/derivatives-is-not-a-luxury-for-bse-it-is-a-necessity-bse-md-ceo-sundararaman-ramamurthy/#respond"><i class="tdb-comm-icon td-icon-comments"></i><span class="tdb-add-text"></span><span>0</span></a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_post_views tdi_96 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdb-post-meta"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_96" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_96{
margin-right:22px !important;
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_96{
margin-right:10px !important;
display:none !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_post_views{
                  line-height: 30px;
                }.tdb_single_post_views a{
                  vertical-align: middle;
                }.tdb_single_post_views .tdb-views-icon-svg{
                  position: relative;
                  line-height: 0;
                }.tdb_single_post_views svg{
                  height: auto;
                }.tdb_single_post_views svg,
                 .tdb_single_post_views svg *{
                  fill: #444;
                }.tdi_96{
                    display: inline-block;
                
                    float: right;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_96 i{
                    font-size: 14px;
                
					color: #000000;
				}.tdi_96 .tdb-views-icon{
                    margin-right: 5px;
                }.tdi_96 svg,
				.tdi_96 svg *{
					fill: #000000;
				
					fill: #000000;
				}
</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><i class="tdb-views-icon td-icon-views"></i><span class="tdb-add-text"></span><span class="td-nr-views-9899">101</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column_inner tdi_98  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span4">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_98{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_98 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_98{
display:none !important;
}
}

</style><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper" ></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tdi_99" class="tdc-row"><div class="vc_row tdi_100 td-ss-row wpb_row td-pb-row" >
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_100,
                .tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
                    min-height: 0;
                }.tdi_100,
				.tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_100 .tdc-columns{
				    width: 100%;
				}
</style><div class="vc_column tdi_102  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_102{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_102 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" ><div class="td_block_wrap tdb_single_post_share tdi_103  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_103" >
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_103{
margin-bottom:20px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdb_single_post_share{
                  margin-bottom: 23px;
                }.tdb-share-classic{
                  position: relative;
                  height: 20px;
                  margin-bottom: 15px;
                }.td-post-sharing-show-all-icons .td-social-sharing-hidden .td-social-expand-tabs{
                    display: none;
                }.td-post-sharing_display-vertically .td-post-sharing-visible,
                .td-post-sharing_display-vertically .td-social-sharing-hidden{
                    display: flex;
                    flex-direction: column;
                }.tdi_103 .td-post-sharing-visible{
				    align-items: flex-start;
				}
</style><div id="tdi_103" class="td-post-sharing tdb-block td-ps-bg td-ps-padding td-post-sharing-style2 ">
		<style>
            .td-post-sharing-classic {
                position: relative;
                height: 20px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing {
                margin-left: -3px;
                margin-right: -3px;
                font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Open Sans Regular', sans-serif;
                z-index: 2;
                white-space: nowrap;
                opacity: 0;
            }
            .td-post-sharing.td-social-show-all {
                white-space: normal;
            }
            .td-js-loaded .td-post-sharing {
                -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s;
                transition: opacity 0.3s;
                opacity: 1;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-classic + .td-post-sharing {
                margin-top: 15px;
                /* responsive portrait phone */
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-classic + .td-post-sharing {
                    margin-top: 8px;
                }
            }
            .td-post-sharing-top {
                margin-bottom: 30px;
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-top {
                    margin-bottom: 20px;
                }
            }
            .td-post-sharing-bottom {
                border-style: solid;
                border-color: #ededed;
                border-width: 1px 0;
                padding: 21px 0;
                margin-bottom: 42px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-bottom .td-post-sharing {
                margin-bottom: -7px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-visible,
            .td-social-sharing-hidden {
                display: inline-block;
            }
            .td-social-sharing-hidden ul {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-social-show-all .td-pulldown-filter-list {
                display: inline-block;
            }
            .td-social-network,
            .td-social-handler {
                position: relative;
                display: inline-block;
                margin: 0 3px 7px;
                height: 40px;
                min-width: 40px;
                font-size: 11px;
                text-align: center;
                vertical-align: middle;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-handler .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network {
                color: #000;
                overflow: hidden;
            }
            .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-left-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-network:hover {
                opacity: 0.8 !important;
            }
            .td-social-handler {
                color: #444;
                border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
                border-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text {
                font-weight: 700;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text:before {
                background-color: #000;
                opacity: 0.08;
            }
            .td-social-share-text {
                margin-right: 18px;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:before,
            .td-social-share-text:after {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                left: 100%;
                width: 0;
                height: 0;
                border-style: solid;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:before {
                border-width: 9px 0 9px 11px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #e9e9e9;
            }
            .td-social-share-text:after {
                border-width: 8px 0 8px 10px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #fff;
            }
            .td-social-but-text,
            .td-social-but-icon {
                display: inline-block;
                position: relative;
            }
            .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 13px;
                padding-right: 13px;
                line-height: 40px;
                z-index: 1;
            }
            .td-social-but-icon i {
                position: relative;
                top: -1px;
                vertical-align: middle;
            }
            .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: -6px;
                padding-left: 12px;
                padding-right: 17px;
                line-height: 40px;
            }
            .td-social-but-text:before {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 12px;
                left: 0;
                width: 1px;
                height: 16px;
                background-color: #fff;
                opacity: 0.2;
                z-index: 1;
            }
            .td-social-handler i,
            .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-social-stumbleupon i,
            .td-social-vk i,
            .td-social-viber i,
            .td-social-flipboard i,
            .td-social-koo i {
                font-size: 14px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram i {
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            .td-social-mail i,
            .td-social-line i,
            .td-social-print i {
                font-size: 15px;
            }
            .td-social-handler .td-icon-share {
                top: -1px;
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-twitter .td-icon-twitter {
                font-size: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-pinterest .td-icon-pinterest {
                font-size: 13px;
            }
            .td-social-whatsapp .td-icon-whatsapp,
            .td-social-kakao .td-icon-kakao {
                font-size: 18px;
            }
            .td-social-kakao .td-icon-kakao:before {
                color: #3C1B1D;
            }
            .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-reddit .td-icon-reddit {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 12px;
            }
            .td-social-telegram .td-icon-telegram {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-stumbleupon .td-icon-stumbleupon {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-digg .td-icon-digg {
                left: -2px;
                font-size: 17px;
            }
            .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 11px;
            }
            .td-social-vk .td-icon-vk {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-social-naver .td-icon-naver {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                left: -5px;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url {
                position: relative;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-check {
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                left: 50%;
                transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
                color: #fff;
                opacity: 0;
                pointer-events: none;
                transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out;
                z-index: 11;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url .td-icon-copy_url {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 17px;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-disabled {
                pointer-events: none;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-disabled .td-icon-copy_url {
                opacity: 0;
            }
            .td-social-copy_url-copied .td-social-copy_url-check {
                opacity: 1;
            }
            @keyframes social_copy_url_loader {
                0% {
                    -webkit-transform: rotate(0);
                    transform: rotate(0)
                }
                100% {
                    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);
                    transform: rotate(360deg)
                }
            }
            .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                top: -2px;
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 16px;
            }
            @media (min-width: 767px) {
                .td-social-line,
                .td-social-viber {
                    display: none;
                }
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-network {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #facd00;
            }

            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-dark-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                line-height: 38px;
                border-width: 1px;
                border-style: solid;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-left-width: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-border .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                background-color: #000;
                opacity: 0.08;
            }
            .td-ps-border.td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-right-width: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-border.td-ps-padding .td-social-network.td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                border-right-width: 1px;
            }
            .td-ps-border-grey .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-grey .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #e9e9e9;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-border-colored .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                border-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-but-icon {
                height: 100%;
                border-color: transparent !important;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #fff;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon {
                background-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: -3px;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-bg .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:after {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                left: calc(100% + 1px);
                width: 0;
                height: 0;
                border-style: solid;
                border-width: 9px 0 9px 11px;
                border-color: transparent transparent transparent #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                padding-left: 20px;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow.td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:after {
                left: 100%;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon:after,
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon:after,
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon:after {
                border-left-color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-arrow .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon:after {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-copy_url-check {
                color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-line .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-viber .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-naver .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-icon-color .td-social-koo .td-social-but-icon {
                color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-but-text {
                font-weight: 700;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-facebook .td-social-but-text {
                color: #516eab;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-twitter .td-social-but-text {
                color: #29c5f6;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-pinterest .td-social-but-text {
                color: #ca212a;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-whatsapp .td-social-but-text {
                color: #7bbf6a;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f54200;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                color: #000;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                color: #333;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-linkedin .td-social-but-text {
                color: #0266a0;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-tumblr .td-social-but-text {
                color: #3e5a70;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-text {
                color: #179cde;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-text {
                color: #ee4813;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-vk .td-social-but-text {
                color: #4c75a3;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-line .td-social-but-text {
                color: #00b900;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-viber .td-social-but-text {
                color: #5d54a4;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-naver .td-social-but-text {
                color: #3ec729;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-flipboard .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f42827;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-kakao .td-social-but-text {
                color: #f9e000;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-gettr .td-social-but-text {
                color: #fc223b;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-koo .td-social-but-text {
                color: #facd00;
            }
            .td-ps-text-color .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-text {
                color: #b1b1b1;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 17px;
                padding-right: 17px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-handler .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-reddit .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-telegram .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 16px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-stumbleupon .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-vk .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-right: 14px;
            }
            .td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                padding-left: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-left-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-top-right-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded.td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                border-top-right-radius: 100px;
                border-bottom-right-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-rounded .td-social-expand-tabs {
                border-radius: 100px;
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-mail .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-digg .td-social-but-text,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
            }
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-bar .td-social-print .td-social-but-text {
                -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
                box-shadow: inset 0px -3px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-icon {
                display: block;
                line-height: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-icon .td-icon-share {
                width: auto;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-handler .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 90px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-expand-tabs .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 60px;
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text {
                    display: none;
                }
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-mail i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon i {
                margin-top: -2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-facebook i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-reddit i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-linkedin i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-tumblr i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-vk i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-viber i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-fliboard i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-koo i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-share-text i {
                font-size: 22px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-telegram i {
                font-size: 24px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-mail i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-line i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-print i {
                font-size: 23px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-twitter i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                font-size: 20px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-whatsapp i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-naver i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-flipboard i,
            .td-ps-big .td-social-kakao i {
                font-size: 26px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-pinterest .td-icon-pinterest {
                font-size: 21px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-telegram .td-icon-telegram {
                left: 1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-stumbleupon .td-icon-stumbleupon {
                left: -2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-digg .td-icon-digg {
                left: -1px;
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-vk .td-icon-vk {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-naver .td-icon-naver {
                left: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-gettr .td-icon-gettr {
                left: -1px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-copy_url .td-icon-copy_url {
                left: 0;
                font-size: 25px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-copy_url-check {
                font-size: 18px;
            }
            .td-ps-big .td-social-but-text {
                margin-left: 0;
                padding-top: 0;
                padding-left: 17px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-handler {
                height: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network {
                width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-icon {
                line-height: 40px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-notext .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text {
                display: block;
                line-height: 1;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-handler {
                height: 90px;
                font-size: 13px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-network {
                min-width: 60px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-icon {
                border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
                border-top-right-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding.td-ps-bar .td-social-but-icon {
                -webkit-box-shadow: none;
                box-shadow: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-text {
                display: block;
                padding-bottom: 17px;
                line-height: 1;
                border-top-left-radius: 0;
                border-top-right-radius: 0;
                border-bottom-left-radius: 2px;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-ps-big.td-ps-padding .td-social-expand-tabs i {
                line-height: 90px;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap {
                margin-left: 0;
                margin-right: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network,
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-handler {
                margin-left: 0;
                margin-right: 0;
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon,
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-ps-nogap .td-social-expand-tabs {
                border-radius: 0;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon {
                height: 100%;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-icon:before {
                content: '';
                position: absolute;
                top: 0;
                left: 0;
                width: 100%;
                height: 100%;
                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.31);
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text {
                padding-left: 17px;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-network .td-social-but-text:before {
                display: none;
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-mail .td-social-but-icon:before,
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-digg .td-social-but-icon:before,
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-copy_url .td-social-but-icon:before {
                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
            }
            .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-print .td-social-but-icon:before {
                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-style1 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style3 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style5 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style14 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style16 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text {
                    display: none !important;
                }
            }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .td-post-sharing-style2 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style4 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style6 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style15 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style17 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style18 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style19 .td-social-share-text,
                .td-post-sharing-style20 .td-social-share-text {
                    display: none !important;
                }
            }

        </style>

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</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><h3><strong>‘Derivatives is Not a Luxury For BSE, it is a Necessity’: BSE MD &amp; CEO Sundararaman Ramamurthy</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> MD &amp; CEO Sundararaman Ramamurthy on why the bourse is focussing on derivatives, and the way ahead For Sundararaman Ramamurthy, 61, who took over as the MD &amp; CEO of <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> in January 2023, the challenges were clearly laid down.<a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> was playing second fiddle to its much-younger rival <a href="https://www.nseindia.com/">NSE</a> in almost all the important segments of the capital market and while it was still registering some amount of traction in the cash segment, its derivatives platform was practically non-existent. He tells <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/">Business Today</a> why he decided to take up the most difficult challenge first and how the strategy worked this time. Edited excerpts:</p>
<p><strong>It has been a year since you took over as MD &amp; CEO. How has been the journey till date?</strong></p>
<p>It has been a very interesting journey. I want to make <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> a vibrant place. In my opinion, concentration in anything is not good especially for a country of India’s size and structure, and it is better to have more than one infrastructure intermediary. <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> should have a meaningful presence in all the segments where it has a licence, and it operates. If it has a meaningful presence, in the event of a necessity, people will be able to come to <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> to do what their activity is. That is the very purpose of taking care of concentration risk and associated cyber risk, technology risk, etc. To me, making <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> vibrant means building a block and I visualise the pillar as people, with product, technology, intermediaries and other stakeholders [being] the [other] four pillars. Business development is the roof. The epitome of it is vibrance. It all has to stand on a strong foundation. To me that strong foundation is corporate governance, compliance and regulation. That’s how I visualise it.</p>
<p><strong>Derivatives seem to be your first focus area. The past few months have seen BSE’s share in the F&amp;O segment rise from low single digits to over 15%&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>Derivatives is not a luxury for <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a>, it is a necessity. If I don’t make derivatives active, there is no future for <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a>. My understanding is that for anything to be successful, the important ingredient is the voice of the customer. So, we went to the market. The one question that I asked was, ‘If I have to survive, derivatives should be in existence. Tell me what I have to modify so you will look at me.’ The<a href="https://modernaviationindia.com/?s=consistent"> consistent</a> reply was that we will look at you if you introduce derivatives on Sensex 30. They had additional conditions as well, like having the expiry on a separate day as it should not coincide with the existing expiries; reviewing the contract size to make it attractive and also bringing Bankex along with it. We relaunched in May [2023] and today 350 brokers are in, 13 software developers including <a href="https://www.tcs.com/">TCS</a> support us, my co-location space, which was languishing, is sold out. All these are happening, but it is still very rudimentary, and we have a very long path to travel.</p>
<p>It has been only a few months, but the results are clearly visible as the market share of <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> has gone up sharply&#8230;</p>
<p>Honestly, I am not looking at market share. I want 400 brokers to be enabled. I want 250 <a href="https://www.fpi.nsdl.co.in/">FPIs</a>&#8230; currently, I have 50&#8230; I have a specific set of members in mind, who are in India but are not with <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a>. I want to grow the second week, third week or the long-term monthly options. I want more institutional presence that brings balance and vibrancy in the cash market as well&#8230; because they will use the same infrastructure for the cash segment. That is how the derivatives journey has been and we are very happy that 1.5 million investors regularly trade Sensex derivatives. But it should be 15 million as we are aspiring to deepen the market.</p>
<p><strong>You mentioned putting building blocks in place. Is that why the strategy worked this time, as this isn’t the first time that BSE has tried to revive the derivatives segment?</strong></p>
<p>I can’t take credit for whatever success we have seen. Those who should take credit for the success are the brokers who gave me correct guidance, and my <a href="https://modernbeautynfitness.com/?s=employees">employees</a>. We are working in a 150-year-old organisation and consistently we have seen reduction in volumes. In such an organisation, for the employees to suddenly gear up and say ‘Look, this man is asking me to work more; I should work more,’—I consider it as a big act of kindness. In the [past] 11 months, I would have done at least four to five town halls with not just <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> alone, but the entire <a href="https://www.bseindia.com/">BSE</a> group. I told them I want to make this organisation vibrant, but I am finding these challenges. I told them we all will have to be very cautious about regulation, compliance and governance. I told them that you need to tell me and advise me what the weaknesses are, what resources you want, how I can garner those resources. If at all I can say that we are moving towards success, the credit does not go to me; it is because of so many people, including the board, who are supporting me.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.businesstoday.in">www.businesstoday.in</a></p>
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</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><div class="tdb-next-post tdb-next-post-bg tdb-post-prev"><span>Previous article</span><div class="td-module-container"><div class="next-prev-title"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2024/04/05/indian-oil-in-talks-with-npcil-to-build-small-nuclear-reactors-for-its-refineries/">Indian Oil in Talks With NPCIL to Build Small Nuclear Reactors for its Refineries</a></div></div></div><div class="tdb-next-post tdb-next-post-bg tdb-post-next"><span>Next article</span><div class="td-module-container"><div class="next-prev-title"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2024/04/06/rosler-uk-showcases-its-r220ec-rotary-vibrator-at-mach-2024/">Rösler Uk Showcases its R220ec Rotary Vibrator at Mach 2024</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="tdb-author-box td_block_wrap tdb_single_author_box tdi_114 tdb-content-vert-top td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_114" >
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</style><div class="tdb-block-inner td-fix-index"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/junior_editor/" class="tdb-author-photo" title="Junior Editor"><img alt='Junior Editor' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8ad07c4089a1eb06a145242d532f38d54b4bdffffa68d6d9264598a3dce5e417?s=500&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8ad07c4089a1eb06a145242d532f38d54b4bdffffa68d6d9264598a3dce5e417?s=1000&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-500 photo' height='500' width='500' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></a><div class="tdb-author-info"><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/junior_editor/" class="tdb-author-name">Junior Editor</a><a href="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/"  class="tdb-author-url">https://modernbusinessinternational.com/</a><div class="tdb-author-descr"></div><div class="tdb-author-social"></div></div></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap td_flex_block_1 tdi_115 td_with_ajax_pagination td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4 td_flex_block"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_115" >
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<div class="comment-form-input-wrap td-form-url">
                            <input 
                                class="" 
                                id="url" 
                                name="url" 
                                placeholder="Website:" 
                                type="text" 
                                value="" 
                                size="30" 
                            />
                            <label for="url" class="is-visually-hidden">Website:</label>
                         </div>
<p class="comment-form-cookies-consent">
                            <input 
                                id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" 
                                name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" 
                                type="checkbox" 
                                value="yes"
                                 
                            />
                            <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label>
                          </p>
<p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='9899' id='comment_post_ID' />
<input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' />
</p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>&#916;<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="207"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form>	</div><!-- #respond -->
	</div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_column tdi_118  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4 td-is-sticky">
<style scoped>

/* custom css */
.tdi_118{
                    vertical-align: baseline;
                }.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper,
				.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    display: block;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{
				    width: 100%;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{
				    width: auto;
				}.tdi_118 > .wpb_wrapper{
				    width: auto;
				    height: auto;
				}
</style><div class="wpb_wrapper" data-sticky-offset="20"><div class="td_block_wrap td_block_social_counter tdi_119 td-social-style10 td-social-boxed td-social-colored td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4">
<style>
.td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-item a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-block-title > *:before {
                border-color: #ea2e2e transparent transparent transparent;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-block-title > * {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td_quote_on_blocks,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-instagram-user a {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
                border-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-read-more a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-weather-information:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-weather-week:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-exchange-header:before,
            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_119 .td-post-category,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_119 .td-post-category:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }
/* inline tdc_css att */

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_119{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.td_block_social_counter{
                        font-family: 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;
                        font-weight: bold;
                        font-size: 11px;
                        color: #fff;
                        margin-bottom: 47px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter .td-sp{
                        position: relative;
                    }.td_block_social_counter .td-sp:after{
                        content: '';
                        width: 1px;
                        height: 16px;
                        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        position: absolute;
                        right: -1px;
                        top: 8px;
                    }.td-social-list{
                        *zoom: 1;
                    }.td-social-list:before,
                    .td-social-list:after{
                        display: table;
                        content: '';
                        line-height: 0;
                    }.td-social-list:after{
                        clear: both;
                    }.td_social_type{
                        width: 100%;
                        margin-bottom: 10px;
                        -webkit-transition: background-color 0.20s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1) 0s;
                        transition: background-color 0.20s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1) 0s;
                    }.td_social_type:last-child{
                        margin-bottom: 0;
                    }.td_social_type:hover .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #222;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_info{
                        padding: 0 0 0 9px;
                        position: relative;
                        top: -12px;
                    }.td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        height: 32px;
                        position: relative;
                        overflow: hidden;
                    }.td_social_type .td-social-box .td-sp{
                        display: inline-block;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_number{
                        border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        padding-left: 9px;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button{
                        float: right;
                        border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
                        padding: 0 14px;
                        margin-top: 8px;
                        top: 9px;
                        height: 16px;
                        line-height: 15px;
                        text-transform: uppercase;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a{
                        color: #fff;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a:after{
                        content: '';
                        display: block;
                        height: 32px;
                        position: absolute;
                        right: 0;
                        top: 0;
                        width: 324px;
                    }.td_social_type .td_social_button a:hover{
                        color: inherit;
                        text-decoration: none !important;
                    }.td_social_type a{
                        color: #fff;
                    }.td_social_facebook .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #516eab;
                    }.td_social_rss .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ff6600;
                    }.td_social_soundcloud .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ff5419;
                    }.td_social_twitter .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td_social_vimeo .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #006599;
                    }.td_social_youtube .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #e14e42;
                    }.td_social_instagram .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #417096;
                    }.td_social_pinterest .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #ca212a;
                    }.td_social_tiktok .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #009191;
                    }.td_social_twitch .td-social-box{
                        background-color: #9147FF;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type{
                        text-align: center;
                        width: 33.3333%;
                        margin: 0;
                        float: left;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        height: 100px;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_type span{
                        display: block;
                        width: 100%;
                        padding: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td-sp{
                        margin-top: 10px;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td-sp::after{
                        display: none;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_info{
                        font-size: 17px;
                        top: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_info_name{
                        font-size: 13px;
                        font-weight: normal;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_button{
                        opacity: 0;
                        position: absolute;
                        height: 100%;
                        margin-top: 0;
                        top: 0;
                    }.td-social-boxed .td_social_button a:after{
                        width: 100%;
                        height: 100%;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_facebook .td-sp{
                        background-color: #516eab;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_rss .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ff6600;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ff5419;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_twitter .td-sp{
                        background-color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_vimeo .td-sp{
                        background-color: #006599;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_youtube .td-sp{
                        background-color: #e14e42;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_instagram .td-sp{
                        background-color: #417096;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_pinterest .td-sp{
                        background-color: #ca212a;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_tiktok .td-sp{
                        background-color: #009191;
                    }.td-social-colored .td_social_twitch .td-sp{
                        background-color: #9147FF;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td-sp{
                        background: none;
                        font-family: 'newspaper', sans-serif;
                        font-size: 14px;
                        text-align: center;
                        font-weight: normal;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td-sp:before{
                        position: absolute;
                        top: 0;
                        left: 0;
                        right: 0;
                        line-height: 30px;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_facebook .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e818';
                        color: #516eab;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_rss .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e828';
                        color: #ff6600;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e82b';
                        color: #ff5419;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_twitter .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e831';
                        color: #29c5f6;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_vimeo .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e832';
                        color: #006599;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_youtube .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e836';
                        color: #e14e42;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_instagram .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e81d';
                        color: #417096;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_pinterest .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e825';
                        color: #ca212a;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_tiktok .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e9d6';
                        color: #009191;
                    }.td-social-font-icons .td_social_twitch .td-sp:before{
                        content: '\e909';
                        color: #9147FF;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10{
                        color: #000;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type{
                        width: 25%;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type a{
                        color: #000;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_button{
                        border-color: #ededed;
                        padding: 0;
                        border: none;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover{
                        color: #555;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover .td_social_type a{
                        color: #555;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type:hover .td-sp{
                        -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)
                        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info{
                        font-size: 15px;
                        top: 5px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info_name{
                        font-size: 11px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td-social-box{
                        background-color: transparent;
                        height: 130px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp{
                        -webkit-transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
                        transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
                        width: 64px;
                        height: 64px;
                        margin: 0;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp:after{
                        display: none;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_facebook .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -5px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_rss .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -109px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -161px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitter .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -419px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_vimeo .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -315px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_youtube .td-sp{
                        background-position: -3px -368px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_instagram .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -212px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_pinterest .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -56px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_tiktok .td-sp{
                        background-position: -5px -726px;
                    }.td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitch .td-sp{
                        background-position: -4px -766px;
                    }div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 300px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 228px;
                        }
                    }@media (max-width: 767px) {
                        .td_social_type .td_social_button a:after {
                            width: 100%;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_type .td-social-box {
                            height: 70px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td-sp {
                            margin-top: 4px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_info {
                            font-size: 13px;
                            top: -12px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td-social-boxed .td_social_info_name {
                            top: -17px;
                            font-size: 10px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info {
                            font-size: 12px;
                            top: 0;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td_social_info_name {
                            font-size: 10px;
                            top: -5px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_type .td-social-box {
                            height: 90px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td-sp {
                            width: 48px;
                            height: 48px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_facebook .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -13px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_rss .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -117px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_soundcloud .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -169px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitter .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -427px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_vimeo .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -323px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_youtube .td-sp {
                            background-position: -11px -376px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_instagram .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -220px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_pinterest .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -65px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_tiktok .td-sp {
                            background-position: -13px -732px;
                        }
                    }@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px) {
                        .td_block_social_counter.td-social-style10 .td_social_twitch .td-sp {
                            background-position: -12px -772px;
                        }
                    }

/* landscape */
@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){
div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:15px !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }
}

/* portrait */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){
div.tdi_119 .td-block-title a,
                    div.tdi_119 .td-block-title span{
                        font-family:Roboto Condensed !important;font-size:14px !important;font-style:italic !important;text-transform:uppercase !important;
                    }
}
</style><div class="td-block-title-wrap"><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Stay Connected</span></h4></div><div class="td-social-list"><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_facebook"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-facebook"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Fans</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/tagDiv"  >Like</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_instagram"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-instagram"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Followers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://instagram.com/tagdiv#"  >Follow</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_twitter"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-twitter"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">3,912</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Followers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://twitter.com/tagdivofficial"  >Follow</a></span></div></div><div class="td_social_type td-pb-margin-side td_social_youtube"><div class="td-social-box"><div class="td-sp td-sp-youtube"></div><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_counter">0</span><span class="td_social_info td_social_info_name">Subscribers</span><span class="td_social_button"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/tagdiv"  >Subscribe</a></span></div></div></div></div> <!-- ./block --><div class="td_block_wrap td-a-rec td-a-rec-id-custom-spot td-a-rec-img tdi_120 td_block_template_1">
<style>

/* inline tdc_css att */

.tdi_120{
margin-bottom:48px !important;
}

/* phone */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
.tdi_120{
margin-bottom:32px !important;
}
}

</style>
<style>
/* custom css */
.tdi_120.td-a-rec{
					text-align: center;
				}.tdi_120 .td-element-style{
					z-index: -1;
				}.tdi_120 .td-spot-id-spot_img_hidden{
                    display: none;
                }.tdi_120 .td-adspot-title{
                    display: block;
                }
</style><div style="display: inline-block"><a href="https://themeforest.net/item/newspaper/5489609" target="blank"  rel="noopener"  class="td_spot_img_all"><img post-id="256" fifu-featured="1" src="https://image.cnbcfm.com/api/v1/image/107292056-1692966711769-gettyimages-1636895606-jr029973_nfdjpyzd.jpeg?v=1693146508&w=1920&h=1080"  alt="Trump campaign reports raising more than  million after Georgia booking" title="Trump campaign reports raising more than  million after Georgia booking" width="300"  height="250"  /></a></div></div><div class="td_block_wrap td_flex_block_1 tdi_121 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_4 td_flex_block"  data-td-block-uid="tdi_121" >
<style>
.td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-item a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-block-title > *:before {
                border-color: #ea2e2e transparent transparent transparent;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-block-title > * {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td_quote_on_blocks,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-instagram-user a {
                color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {
                background-color: #ea2e2e;
                border-color: #ea2e2e;
            }

            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-read-more a,
            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_121 .td-weather-information:before,
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        </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>                    <span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="Junior Editor"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/author/junior_editor/"></span><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-04-05T12:14:11+00:00"><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-04-05T12:14:11+00:00"><meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemType="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2024/04/05/derivatives-is-not-a-luxury-for-bse-it-is-a-necessity-bse-md-ceo-sundararaman-ramamurthy/"/><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/2024/04/05/derivatives-is-not-a-luxury-for-bse-it-is-a-necessity-bse-md-ceo-sundararaman-ramamurthy/"></span><meta itemprop="name" content="Modern Business International"></span><meta itemprop="headline" content="‘Derivatives is Not a Luxury For BSE, it is a Necessity’: BSE MD &amp; CEO Sundararaman Ramamurthy"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://modernbusinessinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/maxresdefault-3.jpg"><meta itemprop="width" content="1280"><meta itemprop="height" content="720"></span>                </article>
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</script><div class="td-block-title-wrap"><h4 class="td-block-title"><span class="td-pulldown-size">Popular Posts</span></h4></div><div id=tdi_134 class="td_block_inner td-mc1-wrap">
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        <div class="td_module_flex td_module_flex_1 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack td-cpt-post">
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                                                            <span class="td-author-date">
                                                                                                            <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2025-06-14T05:30:57+00:00" >June 14, 2025</time></span>                                                                                                        </span>
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                                            <div class="td-editor-date">
                                                        
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