class Akismet_REST_API { /** * Register the REST API routes. */ public static function init() { if ( ! function_exists( 'register_rest_route' ) ) { // The REST API wasn't integrated into core until 4.4, and we support 4.0+ (for now). return false; } register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/key', array( array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_key' ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_key' ), 'args' => array( 'key' => array( 'required' => true, 'type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ), 'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ), ), ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_key' ), ) ) ); register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/settings/', array( array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_settings' ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_boolean_settings' ), 'args' => array( 'akismet_strictness' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'boolean', 'description' => __( 'If true, Akismet will automatically discard the worst spam automatically rather than putting it in the spam folder.', 'akismet' ), ), 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'boolean', 'description' => __( 'If true, show the number of approved comments beside each comment author in the comments list page.', 'akismet' ), ), ), ) ) ); register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats', array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ), 'args' => array( 'interval' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_interval' ), 'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ), 'default' => 'all', ), ), ) ); register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/stats/(?P[\w+])', array( 'args' => array( 'interval' => array( 'description' => __( 'The time period for which to retrieve stats. Options: 60-days, 6-months, all', 'akismet' ), 'type' => 'string', ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'privileged_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_stats' ), ) ) ); register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/alert', array( array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::READABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'get_alert' ), 'args' => array( 'key' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ), 'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ), ), ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'set_alert' ), 'args' => array( 'key' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ), 'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ), ), ), ), array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE, 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ), 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'delete_alert' ), 'args' => array( 'key' => array( 'required' => false, 'type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'sanitize_key' ), 'description' => __( 'A 12-character Akismet API key. Available at akismet.com/get/', 'akismet' ), ), ), ) ) ); register_rest_route( 'akismet/v1', '/webhook', array( 'methods' => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE, 'callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'receive_webhook' ), 'permission_callback' => array( 'Akismet_REST_API', 'remote_call_permission_callback' ), ) ); } /** * Get the current Akismet API key. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function get_key( $request = null ) { return rest_ensure_response( Akismet::get_api_key() ); } /** * Set the API key, if possible. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function set_key( $request ) { if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) { return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be changed via the API.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) ); } $new_api_key = $request->get_param( 'key' ); if ( ! self::key_is_valid( $new_api_key ) ) { return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'The value provided is not a valid and registered API key.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) ); } update_option( 'wordpress_api_key', $new_api_key ); return self::get_key(); } /** * Unset the API key, if possible. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function delete_key( $request ) { if ( defined( 'WPCOM_API_KEY' ) ) { return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'hardcoded_key', __( 'This site\'s API key is hardcoded and cannot be deleted.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status'=> 409 ) ) ); } delete_option( 'wordpress_api_key' ); return rest_ensure_response( true ); } /** * Get the Akismet settings. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function get_settings( $request = null ) { return rest_ensure_response( array( 'akismet_strictness' => ( get_option( 'akismet_strictness', '1' ) === '1' ), 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved' => ( get_option( 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved', '1' ) === '1' ), ) ); } /** * Update the Akismet settings. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function set_boolean_settings( $request ) { foreach ( array( 'akismet_strictness', 'akismet_show_user_comments_approved', ) as $setting_key ) { $setting_value = $request->get_param( $setting_key ); if ( is_null( $setting_value ) ) { // This setting was not specified. continue; } // From 4.7+, WP core will ensure that these are always boolean // values because they are registered with 'type' => 'boolean', // but we need to do this ourselves for prior versions. $setting_value = Akismet_REST_API::parse_boolean( $setting_value ); update_option( $setting_key, $setting_value ? '1' : '0' ); } return self::get_settings(); } /** * Parse a numeric or string boolean value into a boolean. * * @param mixed $value The value to convert into a boolean. * @return bool The converted value. */ public static function parse_boolean( $value ) { switch ( $value ) { case true: case 'true': case '1': case 1: return true; case false: case 'false': case '0': case 0: return false; default: return (bool) $value; } } /** * Get the Akismet stats for a given time period. * * Possible `interval` values: * - all * - 60-days * - 6-months * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function get_stats( $request ) { $api_key = Akismet::get_api_key(); $interval = $request->get_param( 'interval' ); $stat_totals = array(); $request_args = array( 'blog' => get_option( 'home' ), 'key' => $api_key, 'from' => $interval, ); $request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'get-stats' ); $response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'get-stats' ); if ( ! empty( $response[1] ) ) { $stat_totals[$interval] = json_decode( $response[1] ); } return rest_ensure_response( $stat_totals ); } /** * Get the current alert code and message. Alert codes are used to notify the site owner * if there's a problem, like a connection issue between their site and the Akismet API, * invalid requests being sent, etc. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function get_alert( $request ) { return rest_ensure_response( array( 'code' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_code' ), 'message' => get_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' ), ) ); } /** * Update the current alert code and message by triggering a call to the Akismet server. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function set_alert( $request ) { delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' ); delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' ); // Make a request so the most recent alert code and message are retrieved. Akismet::verify_key( Akismet::get_api_key() ); return self::get_alert( $request ); } /** * Clear the current alert code and message. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function delete_alert( $request ) { delete_option( 'akismet_alert_code' ); delete_option( 'akismet_alert_msg' ); return self::get_alert( $request ); } private static function key_is_valid( $key ) { $request_args = array( 'key' => $key, 'blog' => get_option( 'home' ), ); $request_args = apply_filters( 'akismet_request_args', $request_args, 'verify-key' ); $response = Akismet::http_post( Akismet::build_query( $request_args ), 'verify-key' ); if ( $response[1] == 'valid' ) { return true; } return false; } public static function privileged_permission_callback() { return current_user_can( 'manage_options' ); } /** * For calls that Akismet.com makes to the site to clear outdated alert codes, use the API key for authorization. */ public static function remote_call_permission_callback( $request ) { $local_key = Akismet::get_api_key(); return $local_key && ( strtolower( $request->get_param( 'key' ) ) === strtolower( $local_key ) ); } public static function sanitize_interval( $interval, $request, $param ) { $interval = trim( $interval ); $valid_intervals = array( '60-days', '6-months', 'all', ); if ( ! in_array( $interval, $valid_intervals ) ) { $interval = 'all'; } return $interval; } public static function sanitize_key( $key, $request, $param ) { return trim( $key ); } /** * Process a webhook request from the Akismet servers. * * @param WP_REST_Request $request * @return WP_Error|WP_REST_Response */ public static function receive_webhook( $request ) { Akismet::log( array( 'Webhook request received', $request->get_body() ) ); /** * The request body should look like this: * array( * 'key' => '1234567890abcd', * 'endpoint' => '[comment-check|submit-ham|submit-spam]', * 'comments' => array( * array( * 'guid' => '[...]', * 'result' => '[true|false]', * 'comment_author' => '[...]', * [...] * ), * array( * 'guid' => '[...]', * [...], * ), * [...] * ) * ) * * Multiple comments can be included in each request, and the only truly required * field for each is the guid, although it would be friendly to include also * comment_post_ID, comment_parent, and comment_author_email, if possible to make * searching easier. */ // The response will include statuses for the result of each comment that was supplied. $response = array( 'comments' => array(), ); $endpoint = $request->get_param( 'endpoint' ); switch ( $endpoint ) { case 'comment-check': $webhook_comments = $request->get_param( 'comments' ); if ( ! is_array( $webhook_comments ) ) { return rest_ensure_response( new WP_Error( 'malformed_request', __( 'The \'comments\' parameter must be an array.', 'akismet' ), array( 'status' => 400 ) ) ); } foreach ( $webhook_comments as $webhook_comment ) { $guid = $webhook_comment['guid']; if ( ! $guid ) { // Without the GUID, we can't be sure that we're matching the right comment. // We'll make it a rule that any comment without a GUID is ignored intentionally. continue; } // Search on the fields that are indexed in the comments table, plus the GUID. // The GUID is the only thing we really need to search on, but comment_meta // is not indexed in a useful way if there are many many comments. This // should help narrow it down first. $queryable_fields = array( 'comment_post_ID' => 'post_id', 'comment_parent' => 'parent', 'comment_author_email' => 'author_email', ); $query_args = array(); $query_args['status'] = 'any'; $query_args['meta_key'] = 'akismet_guid'; $query_args['meta_value'] = $guid; foreach ( $queryable_fields as $queryable_field => $wp_comment_query_field ) { if ( isset( $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ] ) ) { $query_args[ $wp_comment_query_field ] = $webhook_comment[ $queryable_field ]; } } $comments_query = new WP_Comment_Query( $query_args ); $comments = $comments_query->comments; if ( ! $comments ) { // Unexpected, although the comment could have been deleted since being submitted. Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: no matching comment found.' ); $response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Could not find matching comment.', 'akismet' ) ); continue; } if ( count( $comments ) > 1 ) { // Two comments shouldn't be able to match the same GUID. Akismet::log( 'Webhook failed: multiple matching comments found.', $comments ); $response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => __( 'Multiple comments matched request.', 'akismet' ) ); continue; } else { // We have one single match, as hoped for. Akismet::log( 'Found matching comment.', $comments ); $current_status = wp_get_comment_status( $comments[0] ); $result = $webhook_comment['result']; if ( 'true' == $result ) { Akismet::log( 'Comment should be spam' ); // The comment should be classified as spam. if ( 'spam' != $current_status ) { // The comment is not classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to act on it, move it to spam. if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) { Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam; marking as spam.' ); wp_spam_comment( $comments[0] ); Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam' ); } else { Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' ); Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-spam-noaction' ); } } } else if ( 'false' == $result ) { Akismet::log( 'Comment should be ham' ); // The comment should be classified as ham. if ( 'spam' == $current_status ) { Akismet::log( 'Comment is spam.' ); // The comment is classified as spam. If Akismet was the one to label it as spam, unspam it. if ( Akismet::last_comment_status_change_came_from_akismet( $comments[0]->comment_ID ) ) { Akismet::log( 'Akismet marked it as spam; unspamming.' ); wp_unspam_comment( $comments[0] ); akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham' ); } else { Akismet::log( 'Comment is not spam, but it has already been manually handled by some other process.' ); Akismet::update_comment_history( $comments[0]->comment_ID, '', 'webhook-ham-noaction' ); } } } $response['comments'][ $guid ] = array( 'status' => 'success' ); } } break; case 'submit-ham': case 'submit-spam': // Nothing to do for submit-ham or submit-spam. break; default: // Unsupported endpoint. break; } /** * Allow plugins to do things with a successfully processed webhook request, like logging. * * @since 5.3.2 * * @param WP_REST_Request $request The REST request object. */ do_action( 'akismet_webhook_received', $request ); Akismet::log( 'Done processing webhook.' ); return rest_ensure_response( $response ); } } ‘Core of Insurance Lies in Long-Term Security’: Vibha Padalkar, MD & CEO of HDFC Life | Modern Business International
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‘Core of Insurance Lies in Long-Term Security’: Vibha Padalkar, MD & CEO of HDFC Life

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‘Core of Insurance Lies in Long-Term Security’: Vibha Padalkar, MD & CEO of HDFC Life

Vibha Padalkar, MD & CEO of HDFC Life, on the insurance provider’s performance, surrender charges, and future innovations With a wealth of experience and a visionary approach, Vibha Padalkar, MD & CEO of HDFC Life, has been instrumental in shaping the insurer’s success amid an evolving market landscape. In an interaction with Business Today, she talks about strategic insights, innovative initiatives, and reflects on HDFC Life’s performance in FY24.

How has HDFC Life performed in FY24?

Despite changes in the Budget, we delivered a healthy growth of 20% in Q4 after adjusting for the one-off business of `1,000 crore in March 2023. We achieved our aspiration of double-digit growth for a full year by clocking 11% growth in FY24 on a normalised basis. We achieved individual Annual Premium Equivalent (APE) growth of 1% on an unadjusted basis. Growth momentum continued across ticket sizes of up to `5 lakh with robust growth of 19% for the full year. Tier II and III markets recorded growth of 13%. The number of policies for the year has increased by 11%.

The two subsidiaries are doing well. The pension subsidiary, which is wholly-owned, has crossed `75,000 crore of assets under management (AUM), and our Dubai subsidiary (HDFC International Life & Re) was the first one to set up its branch in GIFT City, and two products have already been launched. One is a dollar-denominated student savings plan, and the other one is a dollar-denominated health plan.

Why were there margin pressures this year?

New business margin in FY24 is 26.3% compared to 27.6% last year. The drop of 130 bps was primarily due to two reasons—the first one is the operating leverage gap caused by a one-time Rs 1,000 crore additional APE received in FY23 due to Budget changes; the second one is the higher unit-linked proportion on account of buoyant equity markets. We believe that value of new business growth will continue to be led by growth in APE. Our value of new business is Rs 3,501 crore, implying a two-year CAGR of 14%.

In March, last year’s non-participating policies were sold because of the Budget changes of `5 lakh (maturity proceeds on premiums exceeding `5 lakh annually being subject to taxation). So how has the product mix changed this year?

We have maintained a healthy balance in terms of product mix with unit-linked insurance plan (ULIP) at 35%, non-par savings at 30%, participating products at 23%, retail term at 5%, and annuity at 6%. While ULIPs continue to see strong traction driven by buoyant equity markets, Click2Achieve, our first DIY non-par savings solution, has been received well across channels, leading to a healthy increase in the non-par savings proportion in the last quarter.

What is your opinion of surrender charges?

I welcome the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India’s (Irdai) decision on surrender charges. I believe that blending long-term guarantees with liquidity could disrupt the insurance model. Providing a guarantee of 15-20 years necessitates investing in assets with long-term returns, which may lack liquidity in the short term.

The core of insurance lies in long-term security rather than immediate liquidity. However, transparency is crucial. Customers must understand that early liquidity is limited, with surrender value increasing progressively.

Maintaining transparency, enhanced free look period of 30 days, and implementing video verification can improve customer understanding, especially given the complexity of insurance products. Additionally, addressing persistency issues at a strategic level is essential to ensure customers remain committed.

What are your views on Bima Sugam?

Bima Sugam will be an online insurance marketplace where customers can buy policies, pay premiums, and have their claims settled via a single platform. Settlement of claims and renewal of policies will become faster and reduce paperwork. Lower cost of customer acquisition and consent-based access to information through the platform can make products more attractive. We expect customers to benefit as Bima Sugam will be a regulator-backed platform for all stakeholders, promoting transparency, efficiency, and collaboration.

There have been discussions about agents’ commissions being higher than other products. What are your thoughts?

It is important to consider the nuances of different products when discussing commissions. For instance, ULIPs may offer better returns after a certain period, but they also have mortality charges and a longer lock-in period compared to mutual funds. Additionally, traditional insurance policies are more complex and require extensive advisory services, and that justifies higher commissions. It is essential to look at commissions holistically, considering the value proposition for both customers and agents.

Should larger insurance companies be listed to enhance transparency?

Listing larger insurance companies with AUM of `50,000 crore and above is a good move. It aligns with the trend of regulatory mandates for larger financial institutions to go public. I also believe it will contribute to the development of the sector, and improve transparency.

What innovations can we expect from HDFC Life?

FY24 has been another landmark year for launches such as Click2Achieve and Sampoorna Jeevan. Our subsidiary has also established a presence in GIFT City and we have launched dollar-denominated products as well.

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